570 research outputs found
Decompressive hemicraniectomy in severe cerebral venous thrombosis: a prospective case series
Small retrospective case series suggest that decompressive hemicraniectomy can be life saving in patients with cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) and impending brain herniation. Prospective studies of consecutive cases are lacking. Thus, a single centre, prospective study was performed. In 2006 we adapted our protocol for CVT treatment to perform acute decompressive hemicraniectomy in patients with impending herniation, in whom the prognosis with conservative treatment was considered infaust. We included all consecutive patients with CVT between 2006 and 2010 who underwent hemicraniectomy. Outcome was assessed at 12Â months with the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Ten patients (8 women) with a median age of 41Â years (range 26â52Â years) were included. Before surgery 5Â patients had GCSÂ <Â 9, 9Â patients had normal pupils, 1Â patient had a unilaterally fixed and dilated pupil. All patients except one had space-occupying intracranial hemorrhagic infarcts. The median preoperative midline shift was 9Â mm (range 3â14Â mm). Unilateral hemicraniectomy was performed in 9Â patients and bilateral hemicraniectomy in one. Two patients died from progressive cerebral edema and expansion of the hemorrhagic infarcts. Five patients recovered without disability at 12Â months (mRS 0â1). Two patients had some residual handicap (one minor, mRS 2; one moderate, mRS 3). One patient was severely handicapped (mRS 5). Our prospective data show that decompressive hemicraniectomy in the most severe cases of cerebral venous thrombosis was probably life saving in 8/10 patients, with a good clinical outcome in six. In 2Â patients death was caused by enlarging hemorrhagic infarcts
Decompressive hemicraniectomy followed by endovascular thrombosuction in a patient with cerebral venous thrombosis
Scientific Assessment and Innovation in Neurosurgical Treatment Strategie
Endovascular Treatment With or Without Prior Intravenous Alteplase for Acute Ischemic Stroke
Background-âIt is unclear whether intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) with alteplase before endovascular treatment (EVT) is beneficial
for patients with acute ischemic stroke caused by a large vessel occlusion. We compared clinical and procedural outcomes, safety,
and workflow between patients treated with both IVT and EVT and those treated with EVT alone in routine clinical practice.
Methods and Results-âUsing multivariable regression, we evaluated the association of IVT+EVT with 90-day functional outcome
(modified Rankin Scale), mortality, reperfusion, first-pass effect, and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage in the MR CLEAN
(Multicenter Randomised Controlled Trial of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke in The Netherlands) Registry. Of
1485 patients, 1161 (78%) were treated with IVT+EVT, and 324 (22%) with EVT alone. Patients treated with IVT+EVT had atrial
fibrillation less often (16% versus 44%) and had better pre-stroke modified Rankin Scale scores (pre-stroke modified Rankin Scale
0: 73% versus 52%) than those treated with EVT alone. Procedure time was shorter in the IVT+EVT group (median 62 versus
68 minutes). Nontransferred IVT+EVT patients had longer door-to-groin-puncture times (median 105 versus 94 minutes). IVT+EVT
was associated with better functional outcome (adjusted common odds ratio 1.47; 95% CI: 1.10â1.96) and lower mortality
(adjusted odds ratio 0.58; 95% CI: 0.40â0.82). Successful reperfusion, first-pass effect, and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage
did not differ bet
Utilização de dados MODIS e modelo SEBAL para a estimativa da perda de ĂĄgua por evapotranspiração: uma proposição metodolĂłgica para o monitoramento do impacto da expansĂŁo da cultura canavieira na dinâmica hĂdrica regional.
This work proposes a methodology for sugarcane expansion monitoring and its possible impacts in the regional hydric dynamic through the real evapotranspiration estimation (ET) based on Terra/Modis satellite data. The methodological approach is based on a systematic and automatic land use mapping that uses a sequence of temporal profiles Vegetation Index (NDVI) built with Modis data JONATHAN (2005). Previous Studies (MEIRELLES et al, 2006 JONATHAN et al 2008); as well as some preliminaries results developed on the scope of this work, shown the applicability of the proposed method as a tool for regional monitoring land use dynamic and its impacts. The real evapotranspiration is calculated through SEBAL algorithm (Surface Energy Balance for Land) developed by BASTIAANSSEN (1995) for energy balance estimation. The study area is the southern portion of Goias state in Brazil, where the sugar cane expansion has being increasing drastically in the last decades. O objetivo deste trabalho Ê apresentar uma combinação de procedimentos metodológicos, relacionados à distinção da cultura da cana-de-açúcar por meio do aperfeiçoamento de uma metodologia de classificação automåtica do uso do solo, desenvolvida por JONATHAN (2005, (a) e (b)), e da utilização do Modelo SEBAL para a estimativa da ET real, ambos a partir de dados do sensor MODIS/Aqua
11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase type 1 is expressed in neutrophils and restrains an inflammatory response in male mice
Endogenous glucocorticoid action within cells is enhanced by prereceptor metabolism by 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1), which converts intrinsically inert cortisone and 11-dehydrocorticosterone into active cortisol and corticosterone, respectively. 11β-HSD1 is highly expressed in immune cells elicited to the mouse peritoneum during thioglycollate-induced peritonitis and is down-regulated as the inflammation resolves. During inflammation, 11β-HSD1-deficient mice show enhanced recruitment of inflammatory cells and delayed acquisition of macrophage phagocytic capacity. However, the key cells in which 11β-HSD1 exerts these effects remain unknown. Here we have identified neutrophils (CD11b(+),Ly6G(+),7/4(+) cells) as the thioglycollate-recruited cells that most highly express 11β-HSD1 and show dynamic regulation of 11β-HSD1 in these cells during an inflammatory response. Flow cytometry showed high expression of 11β-HSD1 in peritoneal neutrophils early during inflammation, declining at later states. In contrast, expression in blood neutrophils continued to increase during inflammation. Ablation of monocytes/macrophages by treatment of CD11b-diphtheria-toxin receptor transgenic mice with diphtheria toxin prior to thioglycollate injection had no significant effect on 11β-HSD1 activity in peritoneal cells, consistent with neutrophils being the predominant 11β-HSD1 expressing cell type at this time. Similar to genetic deficiency in 11β-HSD1, acute inhibition of 11β-HSD1 activity during thioglycollate-induced peritonitis augmented inflammatory cell recruitment to the peritoneum. These data suggest that neutrophil 11β-HSD1 increases during inflammation to contribute to the restraining effect of glucocorticoids upon neutrophil-mediated inflammation. In human neutrophils, lipopolysaccharide activation increased 11β-HSD1 expression, suggesting the antiinflammatory effects of 11β-HSD1 in neutrophils may be conserved in humans
Global survey of the frequency of atrial fibrillation-associated stroke: embolic stroke of undetermined source global registry
Background and PurposeâAtrial fibrillation (AF) is increasingly recognized as the single most important cause of disabling ischemic stroke in the elderly. We undertook an international survey to characterize the frequency of AF-associated stroke, methods of AF detection, and patient features.
MethodsâConsecutive patients hospitalized for ischemic stroke in 2013 to 2014 were surveyed from 19 stroke research centers in 19 different countries. Data were analyzed by global regions and World Bank income levels.
ResultsâOf 2144 patients with ischemic stroke, 590 (28%; 95% confidence interval, 25.6â29.5) had AF-associated stroke, with highest frequencies in North America (35%) and Europe (33%) and lowest in Latin America (17%). Most had a history of AF before stroke (15%) or newly detected AF on electrocardiography (10%); only 2% of patients with ischemic stroke had unsuspected AF detected by poststroke cardiac rhythm monitoring. The mean age and 30-day mortality rate of patients with AF-associated stroke (75 years; SD, 11.5 years; 10%; 95% confidence interval, 7.6â12.6, respectively) were substantially higher than those of patients without AF (64 years; SD, 15.58 years; 4%; 95% confidence interval, 3.3â5.4; P<0.001 for both comparisons). There was a strong positive correlation between the mean age and the frequency of AF (r=0.76; P=0.0002).
ConclusionsâThis cross-sectional global sample of patients with recent ischemic stroke shows a substantial frequency of AF-associated stroke throughout the world in proportion to the mean age of the stroke population. Most AF is identified by history or electrocardiography; the yield of conventional short-duration cardiac rhythm monitoring is relatively low. Patients with AF-associated stroke were typically elderly (>75 years old) and more often women
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