Carbonate system.csv

<div>Discrete water sampling data collected from Santa Barbara Harbor (-119.6854, 34.41) from August 1, 2012-March 14,2014.<div><br><div>Data include measured pH, salinity, temperature, dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity and estimates of total alkalinity based on sea surface temperature and salinity. </div></div></div><div><br></div>Discrete seawater samples were collected by hand or using a Niskin bottle. In the laboratory, samples were analyzed for pH (total scale), total alkalinity and/or total CO2 (sum of carbon dioxide, bicarbonate and carbonate). Two parameters were used to calculate the full suite of carbonate chemistry parameters using the CO2calc algorithms. Program outputs are included for laboratory conditions as input, and adjusted for situ temperature.<div><br></div><div><div><br></div></div

Characterizing the vulnerability of intertidal organisms in Olympic National Park to ocean acidification

Ocean acidification (OA) will have a predominately negative impact on marine animals sensitive to changes in carbonate chemistry. Coastal upwelling regions, such as the Northwest coast of North America, are likely among the first ecosystems to experience the effects of OA as these areas already experience high pH variability and naturally low pH extremes. Over the past decade, pH off the Olympic coast of Washington has declined an order of magnitude faster than predicted by accepted conservative climate change models. Resource managers are concerned about the potential loss of intertidal biodiversity likely to accompany OA, but as of yet, there are little pH sensitivity data available for the vast majority of taxa found on the Olympic coast. The intertidal zone of Olympic National Park is particularly understudied due to its remote wilderness setting, habitat complexity, and exceptional biodiversity. Recently developed methodological approaches address these challenges in determining organism vulnerability by utilizing experimental evidence and expert opinion. Here, we use such an approach to determine intertidal organism sensitivity to pH for over 700 marine invertebrate and algal species found on the Olympic coast. Our results reinforce OA vulnerability paradigms for intertidal taxa that build structures from calcium carbonate, but also introduce knowledge gaps for many understudied species. We furthermore use our assessment to identify how rocky intertidal communities at four long-term monitoring sites on the Olympic coast could be affected by OA given their community composition