Additional file 1: Table S1. of Associations between fatty acid oxidation, hepatic mitochondrial function, and plasma acylcarnitine levels in mice

Overview of results. (DOCX 101 kb

Plasma fatty acid composition in apoE^−/− mice fed a high-fat casein diet (control) or a high-fat diet with 5% SPH after 77 days of dietary treatment.

1<p>Fatty acids (% w/w).</p><p>Data are shown as mean ± SD (<i>n</i> = 4).</p><p>Abbreviations: MUFAs, monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFAs, polyunsaturated fatty acids; SFAs, saturated fatty acids; SPH, salmon protein hydrolysate.</p><p>*P<0.05 vs. control.</p><p>**P<0.01 vs. control.</p><p>***P<0.001 vs. control.</p

Levels of mRNA expression in aorta and inflammatory mediators in plasma in apoE^−/− mice fed a high-fat diet (control) or a diet with 5% SPH for 12 weeks.

<p>(A) The gene expressions of the inflammatory markers <i>Icam1</i>, <i>Vcam1</i>, <i>Nos2</i> and <i>Mcp1</i> were measured in pooled aortic arch from six mice. Inflammatory markers in blood samples collected at day 77 of treatment were analysed (B) IL-1β, (C) IL-6, (D) IL-10, (E) TNF-α, (F) GM-CSF and bars represent means ± SD of 4 pooled samples of 3 mice for each diet. Unpaired <i>t</i>-test was used to assess statistical significance and results significantly different from control are indicated (*P<0.05, **P<0.01).</p

Histological and immunohistochemical characterization of plaques in the aortic sinus in apoE^−/− mice fed a high-fat diet (control) or a diet with 5% SPH for 12 weeks.

<p>Representative photomicrographs and quantification of maximum plaque area (panels A–C). Representative photomicrographs and quantification of extracellular matrix deposition (panels D–F), Lipid deposition (panels G–I), Macrophages (panels J–L) and T lymphocytes (panels M–O). The amount of extracellular matrix, lipids, macrophages and T-lymphocytes is expressed as percentage of the stained area over the total plaque area. Bar in panel A = 100 µm. Positive area (%) refers to the percentage of the plaque area occupied by connective tissue, lipids, macrophages and T lymphocytes, respectively. Data are shown as means ± SD for 6 mice for each diet and unpaired <i>t</i>-test was used to detect significance (*P<0.05).</p

Plasma lipids in apoE^−/− mice fed a high-fat casein diet (control) or a high-fat diet with 5% SPH after 77 days of dietary treatment.

1<p>mmol/L.</p><p>Data are shown as mean ± SD (<i>n</i> = 4).</p><p>Abbreviations: NEFA, non-esterified fatty acid; SPH, salmon protein hydrolysate; TAG, triacylglycerol.</p><p>*P<0.05 vs. control.</p

Atherosclerotic plaque level in apoE^−/− mice fed a high-fat diet (control) or a diet with 5% SPH.

<p>After 12 weeks of dietary treatment, whole aorta was collected and <i>en-face</i> analysis was performed to quantify aortic surface covered by atherosclerotic plaques. Bars represent means ± SD of 12 mice for each diet. Unpaired <i>t</i>-test was used to detect statistical significance (*P<0.05).</p