Distribution of coefficient of variation for ₅<i>q</i>₀ by length of period.

<p>Calendar-year estimates. Only estimates 20 or fewer years before the survey included.</p

Single-year and 5-y estimates of ₅<i>q</i>₀ and standard errors for the Rwanda 2000 DHS survey.

<p>Estimates based on years before survey.</p><p>CV, coefficient of variation; SE, standard error.</p

Estimates of ₅<i>q</i>₀ and confidence intervals for Mali 2001 DHS survey.

<p>Sample size 12,439 households; total fertility rate 6.8 (births per woman). Estimates based on years before the survey.</p

Effects of choice of period on estimates.

<p>The figure shows a cosine curve (green lines) with a 5-y periodicity and average estimates based on 1- to 5-y periods (blue lines).</p

Distribution of coefficient of variation of ₅<i>q</i>₀ by length of period of estimation.

<p>Only estimates for periods 20 y or less before the survey were included. Two extreme outliers have been excluded from the graph.</p

Estimates of ₅<i>q</i>₀ and confidence intervals for Moldova 2005 DHS survey.

<p>Sample size 11,095 households; total fertility rate 1.7 (births per woman). Estimates based on calendar years.</p

Estimates of ₅<i>q</i>₀ and confidence intervals for Zimbabwe 1999 DHS survey.

<p>Sample size 6,372 households; total fertility rate 4.0 (births per woman). Estimates based on calendar years.</p

Mean number of contiguous years before survey allowing estimates with coefficient of variation less than 5%, by sample size, estimation period, and total fertility rate (births per woman).

<p>Estimates based on years before the survey. Estimates based on calendar years. The number of surveys used for the estimates in each panel is indicated in the upper left corner of each.</p

Estimates of ₅<i>q</i>₀ and confidence intervals for Kazakhstan 1999 DHS survey.

<p>Sample size 5,841households; total fertility rate 2.0 (births per woman). Estimates based on years before the survey.</p

Mean number of contiguous years before survey allowing estimates with coefficient of variation less than 10%, by sample size, estimation period, and total fertility rate (births per woman).

<p>Estimates based on years before the survey. The number of surveys used for the estimates in each panel is indicated in the upper left corner of each.</p