A Study of Selected Demographic Factors Associated with the Number and Characteristics of Marriages Solemnized in South Dakota: 1960-1972

The marriage statistics for South Dakota from 1960 to 1970 reveal that the number of marriages has steadily increased since 1960. The number of births, however, has steadily decreased in number in South Dakota since 1960. Perhaps this is understandable inasmuch as Paul H. Jacobson points out that the analysis and interpretation of marriage statistics is the least developed branch of American vital statistics. This is an important area for study, however, because any community is highly influenced by the proportion of its population that is single, married, widowed, or divorced. The marital condition of a population influences its birth rate, thus producing changes in the composition of the population. Marital status composition of the population is a demographic factor that helps produce population change and influence local community life. Marital status has great importance for group survival through childbearing, for it is generally accepted that it is through the legal cohabiting of males and females that childbearing is generally approved and accepted. Because of this, the rate of marriages together with their dissolution are vital processes, and statistics of marriage and divorce are vital statistics. Besides affecting the birthrate, marital status also affects other community processes such as: labor force participation, school attendance, urban-rural residence, and many other important processes. David Glass summarizes the importance of marital status data in the following terms: It is through the intervening variable of marriage that replacement indices become sociologically meaningful. In the more developed societies, recent changes in the level and trend of fertility owe much to changes in the amount of, and age at, marriage. A final indication of the importance of this problem is the emphasis placed upon it-by the state legislature. This year two House bills (HB have been introduced that will place tighter restrictions on marriages solemnized in South Dakota. The new bills ask for a three-day waiting period for remarriage after filing for a divorce. In actuality, the six months amounts to four months because it takes two months before a divorce becomes final, leaving four more months before the parties involved could remarry. Knowledge generated by the study of this problem may assist in the area planning of various governmental, educational, economic, religious, and recreational agencies in South Dakota for the coming year. It is also hoped that it may bring about some standardization of the marriage laws of the various states, because some states are indicating they will not recognize those marriages where couples cross state lines to marry to avoid their home state laws on marriage

IMPACT OF E20 FUEL ON A HIGH-PERFORMANCE, TWO-STROKE ENGINE

The purpose of this project was to explore the emissions, combustion, and performance effects of running a gasoline/ethanol fuel mixture of 20 percent by volume (E20) in a fuel-injected, two-stroke engine. The engine was operated at five engine speeds that corresponded with the EPA 5-mode emissions test for snowmobile engines. Single parameter sweeps were conducted along with a preliminary recalibration of the test engine at two E0 target values (lambda and mid-pipe temperature) using E20 fuel. Baseline testing showed that running E20 fuel produced a leaner air/fuel mixture compared to E0, resulting in higher lambda values for all modes and higher mid-pipe temperatures in modes 1 and 2. The increase in lambda resulted in lower CO and THC emissions at all modes and an increase in formaldehyde and acetaldehyde emissions. An increase in CO2 and NO emissions followed the trend of increasing mid-pipe temperature at modes 1 and 2. Single parameter sweeps were performed by changing one engine parameter at a time and sweeping over a range of predetermined values. Engine parameters included injection time (duration), injection end angle, and ignition timing. Increasing the amount of fuel injected into the combustion chamber decreased lambda values, decreased mid-pipe temperatures, increased CO and THC emissions, and decreased CO2, NO, formaldehyde, and acetaldehyde emissions. Advancing the ignition timing decreased mid-pipe temperatures which decreased CO2, NO, formaldehyde, and acetaldehyde emissions. CO and THC emissions were increased with the advancement of ignition timing. Opposite trends could be seen with retarding ignition timing, except with NO emissions where retarding ignition timing also resulted in a reduction in NO emissions. Adjusting the injection end angle showed little effect on performance, but increases in CO2, NO, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde emissions were seen at large advances of degrees. Recalibration of injection parameters for E20 fuel to meet E0 baseline lambda values was performed by increasing the injection timing values in the ECU. This created a richer mixture at all modes when compared to the E20 baseline test, while some modes were still leaner than stoichiometric. Matching lambda values resulted in mid-pipe temperatures that were still higher than the E0 baseline test in modes 1 and 2. CO emissions were still lower in all modes except in mode 3 as well as THC emissions except for an increase of two percent in mode 1. CO2 and NO emissions saw a decrease in mode 1 although both values were still higher than the baseline E0 test. Meeting E0 mid-pipe temperatures with E20 fuel resulted in a higher lambda value at modes 1, 4 and 5. CO emissions followed these trends with higher values in modes 2 and 3 when compared to the E0 baseline test. CO2 emissions were opposite CO emissions with increases at modes 1, 4 and 5. NO and THC emissions saw an increase at mode 1 and decreases in modes 2 through 4

Design and Performance analysis of a relational replicated database systems

The hardware organization and software structure of a new database system are presented. This system, the relational replicated database system (RRDS), is based on a set of replicated processors operating on a partitioned database. Performance improvements and capacity growth can be obtained by adding more processors to the configuration. Based on designing goals a set of hardware and software design questions were developed. The system then evolved according to a five-phase process, based on simulation and analysis, which addressed and resolved the design questions. Strategies and algorithms were developed for data access, data placement, and directory management for the hardware organization. A predictive performance analysis was conducted to determine the extent to which original design goals were satisfied. The predictive performance results, along with an analytical comparison with three other relational multi-backend systems, provided information about the strengths and weaknesses of our design as well as a basis for future research

High Performance: Exploratory Study into the High Performance Model and Qualitative Secondary Analysis of Elite Sport Management in the United States

This dissertation examines the area of high performance in elite sport through high performance professionals’ perspectives in the United States Olympic and Paralympic National Governing Bodies. The study’s purpose was to establish a shared meaning of the high performance sport management model by its elements in the athletic arena. Interviews with 16 high performance directors and managers were conducted to establish definitions, backgrounds, and anatomy of high performance in sport: high performance, high performance sport, high performance management, high performance model. A qualitative secondary analysis was conducted to examine the high performance model in the U.S. and explore the job responsibilities of high performance directors in elite sport. In particular to this study, the secondary research questions were a part of the original question script, allowing data analysis from responses within the original interviews. This paper introduces and recognizes two separate high performance models, an International and a United States model, along with introducing a functional definition of the elements that represent the two models. As part of improving the high performance approach, management and leadership characteristics are presented to strengthen organizations and leaders in elite sport development. A university degree program and internship placement strategies are suggested as a core education and student experience to introduce future elite sports leaders to the high performance environment. The study’s findings show a lack of definition, implementation, and understanding of high performance management and the high performance model in this country. High performance consists of elite-level athletes competing on the professional or world stage, supported by coaches, sport sciences, and a high performance department that assists performance improvement through management and administration, not solely through direct athlete performance services. Establishing a common approach to high performance management is essential for performance development personnel to progress and enhance training quality for the athlete and staff here in the United States

Christian Publishing: A Panel Discussion

The 2007 conference of the Association of Christian Librarians convened in Grand Rapids, Michigan, on the campus of Cornerstone University. Conference planners invited representatives of four prominent Christian publishers headquartered there (Baker, Eerdmans, Kregel, and Zondervan) to participate in a panel discussion on June 13. The panelists’ 65-minute exchange is transcribed here in slightly abbreviated form. At the beginning of the discussion, panelists were asked to reflect on general trends in the Christian publishing industry. This led naturally to a lengthy conversation about the publishers’ involvement in the creation and licensing of ebooks and other digital products. Finally, panelists were asked to address the proliferation of English Bible versions aimed at the evangelical community

Deep Chandra Observations of the Compact Starburst Galaxy Henize 2-10: X-rays from the Massive Black Hole

We present follow-up X-ray observations of the candidate massive black hole (BH) in the nucleus of the low-mass, compact starburst galaxy Henize 2-10. Using new high-resolution observations from the Chandra X-ray Observatory totaling 200 ks in duration, as well as archival Chandra observations from 2001, we demonstrate the presence of a previously unidentified X-ray point source that is spatially coincident with the known nuclear radio source in Henize 2-10 (i.e., the massive BH). We show that the hard X-ray emission previously identified in the 2001 observation is dominated by a source that is distinct from the nucleus, with the properties expected for a high-mass X-ray binary. The X-ray luminosity of the nuclear source suggests the massive BH is radiating significantly below its Eddington limit (~10^-6 L_Edd), and the soft spectrum resembles other weakly accreting massive BHs including Sagittarius A*. Analysis of the X-ray light curve of the nucleus reveals the tentative detection of a ~9-hour periodicity, although additional observations are required to confirm this result. Our study highlights the need for sensitive high-resolution X-ray observations to probe low-level accretion, which is the dominant mode of BH activity throughout the Universe.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters. 7 pages, 4 figure