Glycosylation of type-IV fimbriae of Dichelobacter nodosus

WOS: 000251924700017PubMed ID: 17681435Dichelobacter nodosus is the causative agent of ovine footrot and the type-IV fimbriae on this bacterium are essential for maintaining its virulence. In this study, we reveal that these fimbriae are glycosylated. This was demonstrated in several ways: by the detection of carbohydrate on fimbrial protein using periodic acid Schiff reagent (PAS) staining of SDS-PAGE gels and by demonstrating enzymatic deglycosylation and by analysis of the amino acid sequences derived from the fimA gene, whereby the gene from isolates of D. nodosus that appeared to be glycosylated had potential glycosylation sites both inside and outside of the variable region of fimA. The results would also explain the observation that the calculated molecular weight of fimA from some D. nodosus serotypes does not correlate with the apparent size determined from electrophoretic mobility. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Haplotypes and Sequence Variation in the Ovine Adiponectin Gene (ADIPOQ)

The adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) plays an important role in energy homeostasis. In this study five separate regions (regions 1 to 5) of ovine ADIPOQ were analysed using PCR-SSCP. Four different PCR-SSCP patterns (A1-D1, A2-D2) were detected in region-1 and region-2, respectively, with seven and six SNPs being revealed. In region-3, three different patterns (A3-C3) and three SNPs were observed. Two patterns (A4-B4, A5-B5) and two and one SNPs were observed in region-4 and region-5, respectively. In total, nineteen SNPs were detected, with five of them in the coding region and two (c.46T/C and c.515G/A) putatively resulting in amino acid changes (p.Tyr16His and p.Lys172Arg). In region-1, -2 and -3 of 316 sheep from eight New Zealand breeds, variants A1, A2 and A3 were the most common, although variant frequencies differed in the eight breeds. Across region-1 and region-3, nine haplotypes were identified and haplotypes A1-A3, A1-C3, B1-A3 and B1-C3 were most common. These results indicate that the ADIPOQ gene is polymorphic and suggest that further analysis is required to see if the variation in the gene is associated with animal production traits

Polymorphism of ovine <i>FABP4</i> and sequence homology with other species.

<p>Five and four allele variants are respectively identified in region I (exon 2-intron 2) and region II (exon 3-intron 3) by (<b>a</b>) PCR-SSCP and (<b>b</b>) DNA sequencing <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0088691#pone.0088691-Yan1" target="_blank">[11]</a>. The <i>FABP4</i> sequences from other species used to construct the homology trees (c) are: NC_007312 (cattle), EF061481 (pig), HQ384160 (human), ENSFCAG00000032028 (cat) and ENSMUSG00000062515 (mouse). The nucleotide numbering follows the nomenclature described on <a href="http://www.hgvs.org/mutnomen/" target="_blank">www.hgvs.org/mutnomen/</a>.</p

Paternal haplotypes of ovine <i>FABP4</i> detected in individual sire-lines.

<p>* Recombined minor sire haplotypes.</p

The presence of potential “recombination hotspots” in ovine <i>FABP4</i> and the haplotypes across two gene regions that were inherited from the seven NZ Romney sires.

<p>The locations of these two regions in ovine <i>FABP4</i> are indicated. An unfilled triangle represents uble overlapping <i>chi</i>-like sequences (GCTGGTGCTGGTGA), and a horizontal line filled triangle represents the <i>CRE</i>-like sequence (ATGAAGTCA). The CCTCCCT motifs and variants are indicated by dot filled triangles, and the CCAAT motifs are shown as filled triangles. The numbering of nucleotide positions follows the nomenclature described at <a href="http://www.hgvs.org/mutnomen/" target="_blank">www.hgvs.org/mutnomen/</a></p

Wool Keratin-Associated Protein Genes in Sheep—A Review

The importance of sheep’s wool in making textiles has inspired extensive research into its structure and the underlying genetics since the 1960s. Wool keratin-associated proteins (KAPs) are a key structural component of the wool fibre. The characterisation of the genes encoding these proteins has progressed rapidly with advances in the nucleotide and protein sequencing. This review describes our knowledge of ovine KAPs, their categorisation into families, polymorphism in the proteins and genes, the clustering and chromosomal location of the genes, some characteristics of gene expression and some potential effects of the KAPs on wool traits. The extent and nature of genetic variation in wool KAP genes and its association with fibre characteristics, provides an opportunity for the development of gene-markers for selective breeding of sheep to produce better wool with properties highly matched to specific end-uses

Spatiotemporal Expression and Haplotypes Identification of <i>KRT84</i> Gene and Their Association with Wool Traits in Gansu Alpine Fine-Wool Sheep

Keratin (K) is a major protein component of hair and is involved in hair growth and development. In this study, we analysed the expression, localization, and polymorphism of the K84 gene (KRT84) in Gansu Alpine Fine-wool sheep using immunofluorescence, RT-qPCR, and PARMS (penta-primer amplification refractory mutation system). Haplotypes of KRT84 were also constructed and their relationship with wool traits analysed. It was revealed that KRT84 was highly expressed in hair follicles, including the inner root sheath, outer root sheath, and hair medulla and at all six lamb ages investigated from 1 to 270 days of age. Three SNPs were detected in KRT84 exon 1, and they formed three haplotypes (named H1, H2, and H3) and six genotypes. Analyses revealed an association between haplotype combinations (diplotypes) and the mean fibre curvature, mean staple length, mean staple strength, mean fibre diameter, the coefficient of variation of fibre diameter, and comfort factor for these sheep. These results suggest that KRT84 is of importance in determining several key traits in Gansu Alpine Fine-wool sheep and that the gene could possibly be used as a genetic marker for wool trait selection in these sheep