Penurunan Kromium (Cr) dalam Limbah Cair Proses Penyamakan Kulit Menggunakan Senyawa Alkali Ca(OH)2, NaOH, dan NaHCO3 (Studi Kasus di PT Trimulyo Kencana Mas Semarang)

ABTRACT Background : One of the industrial type which use hazardous materials in its production process is leather tanning industry, by using chromium compound (Cr). Chromium is a heavy metal compound which recognized has a high poison energy. Result of analysis of sampel industrial liquid waste of leather tanning of PT Trimulyo Kencana Mas (TKM) Semarang showed that total chromium concervation was 49,575 m/l. This total Chromium rate was still above the standard quality of which enabled maximal 2,0 mg/l, according to Kep51/MENLH/110/1995. Alkali compound of Ca(OH)2, NaOH and NaHC03 is chemicals able to be used for the processing of industrial liquid waste of pregnant leather tanning of chromium, functioning to boost up condensation pH andprecipitated chromium so that obtained chrome in theform of hydroxide chromium (Cr(OH)3). Methods : which used in this research is (quasi experimental), with experiment variable repeated or referred as one group pretest ‑ posttest design. Results : of this research showed that optimum pH for the compound of each alkali at condition of pH 8, with the efficiency dissociation of chromium was equal to 99,28 % by using alkali compound of Ca(OH)2 and of NaOH, while USAge of NaHC03 equal to 98,50 %. Conclusions: Alkali compound of Ca(OH)2, NaOH and NaHCO3 can degrade chromium concentration (Cr) in liquid waste with high efficiency, that is reaching under standard quality. The most effective Compound of Alkali, evaluated from the technical aspect for the degradation of chromium concentration in liquid waste is NaOH, because with only small dose can dissociate chromium in liquid waste with high efficiency (99,28 %), For economic reason and recommendation for application in the field is Ca(OH)2

Sifat Fisik, Kimia Dan Organoleptik Nugget Keong Sawah Dengan Bahan Pengisi Pati Temu Ireng

Snails fields is a type of freshwater snails and easy to find in the rice fields, ditches, and lakes. This animal is widely consumed in various regions of Southeast Asia and has good nutritional value because they contain high protein. Starch is made of extraction of Curcuma aeruginosa roxb, starch component retrieval is 49.56% so it has the potential to be extracted and used as a starch source material. The purpose of this research is to know elasticity, protein content, moisture content, fat content and flavor nuggets snail fields based on the addition of starch as filler Curcuma aeruginosa roxb retrieval. Variations addition of starch is carried out snails field (K): starch of Curcumaaruginosa roxb (P) (K100: P0, K80: P20, K75: P25, K70: P30, K65: P35, K60: P40, K55: P45). The research design used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Results indicated the highest elasticity in starch concentration of 45% is 14.94 N / mm, protein content in starch concentrations of 0% (48.4%), fat content at a concentration of 45% (30.03%), water content at 0 % (15.30%). Results favorite flavor nuggets snail with substitution K55: P45 with a value of 2.86 and substitution ofproducts with K100: P0 has the smallest value that is equal to 2.43

Kondisi dan Upaya Strategi Penanganan Sanitasi di Kota Batam

Latar Belakang : Seperti pada umumnya yang terjadi di kota-kota lainnya di Indonesia, masalah air limbah dan sanitasi di Kota Batam belum mendapat perhatian yang cukup memadai dari pemerintah kota. Pesatnya pertumbuhan ekonomi, yang diiringi dengan peningkatan jumlah penduduk dengan laju pertumbuhan penduduk 12%/tahun memberikan dampak positif maupun negatif terhadap Kenyamanan lingkungan dan berakibat pada kawasan kumuh dan pencemaran, ditambah dengan karakteristik Kota Batam yang merupakan daerah dengan struktur tanah bauksit (sifat impermiabel), menyebabkan air limbah yang dibuang oleh warga batam ke drainase kota tidak dapat terurai dan terserap oleh tanah, sehingga akan menambah beban pencemaran air baku pada waduk. Implikasinya terjadi peningkatan kasus (water born disease) setiap tahunnya. Metode : Metode penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif yang dilakukan untuk mengetahui gambaran atau deskripsi tentang suatu keadaan secara objektif. Hasil : Dari hasil penelitian terdapat 3 Kecamatan yang menjadi area beresiko tinggi terhadap masalah sanitasi di Kota Batam, yaitu Kecamatan Batu aji, Lubuk Baja dan Bengkong. Strategi dalam penanganan masalah ini adalah Jangka pendek : meningkatkan PHBS di area beresiko tinggi, jangka menengah : mengupayakan untuk membangun IPLT di wilayah Kecamatan Batam Kota dan melakukan revitalisasi Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) Batam Center yang sebelumnya dialihfungsikan menjadi Instalasi Pengolahan Limbah Tinja (IPLT). Jangka Panjang : mengupayakan sistem perpipaan pada zona/kawasan yang mencemari waduk. yaitu Kecamatan Sekupang dan Kecamatan Batu Aji yang mencemari Waduk Sei Harapan dengan sistem pengelolaan secara Shallow Sewer, dan Kecamatan Sagulung yang mencemari Waduk Tembesi (waduk ini masih dalam konstruksi) dengan sistem pengelolaan secara Conventional Sewerage

Deteksi Bakteri Patogen Terbawa Benih Akor (Acacia Auriculiformis a. Cunn. Ex Benth.)

Detection of seed-borne pathogenic bacteria of northern black wattle (Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex enth.). Intensive research of seed-borne pathogen of A. mangium and A. crassicarpa which have been established in industrial timber estate (HTI) was undertaken in Indonesia, while plantings development of northern black wattle have recently been established in the 1990s. Very limited information available on northern black wattle diseases especially seed-borne diseases. The objectives of this study were to identify seed-borne pathogenic bacteria of northern black wattle and the effects on seed germination. Methods for the isolation of bacteria were by seed soaking, seed griding, blotter test, growing-on test on paper and soil. Identification of bacteria by PCR used 63F/1387R primer. The results showed that seed-borne bacteria of northern black wattle were Paenochrobactrum sp., Ralstonia sp., Burkholderia cepacia complex, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Acinetobacter sp., Alcaligenes faecalis, Salmonella bongori, Escherichia hermannii while pathogenic bacteria cause seedling leafspot were Micrococcus luteus and Burkholderia cepacia complex. Burkholderia cepacia complex, A. faecalis, Acinetobater sp., P. stutzeri, S. bongori and Ralstonia sp. reduced seed germination and increased rotten seed, suggested that they were the pathogenic bacteria of northern black wattle seed. Ralstonia sp. significantly increased the percentage of rotten seed and decreased shoot length and root length. P. stutzeri and S. bongori significantly inhibited the root growth. Paenochrobactrum sp. and E. hermannii were assumed as pathogen with weak virulence due to seed germination, the percentage of rotten seed and vigour index were relatively similar to untreated seed

Studi Prevalensi Gangguan Fungsi Paru dan Jumlah Kunjungan ke Poliklinik Karyawan Unit Sining 5 dan Bagian CCR PT. Apac Inti Corpora

Backgroud: PT. Apac Inti Corpora as a textile factory has different cotton dust level in each unit. At spinning 5 unit which has 0,29 mg/m3 – 0,83 mg/m3 dust level is lower than CCR unit which has 5,036 mg/m3dust level. The difference of dust level will caused various level of risk. Higher prevalence of lung function disorder will increase number of patient that equivalence with number of visitors in polyclinic. The aim of this study is to observe the different of lung function disorder patient's distribution and number of visitors in polyclinic between employee in spinning 5 and CCR at PT. Apac Inti Corpora. Method: This research used cross sectional design. It was used simple random sampling technique and took 100 people with 50 people each location. Result: This study showed that 12 people (24%) of workers at spinning 5 had a lung function disorder and 10 people (20%) at CCR. Even though workers at spinning 5 had lower dust level than CCR. Based on statistics test the difference of prevalence lung function disorder is not significant p=0,631. Based on the medical report in polyclinic during 2008, we found that all patients dad a lung function disorder. In fact, no difference amount of visitors between spinning 5 with CCR in PT. Apac Inti Corpora (p=0,489)

Optimasi Metode PCR untuk Deteksi Pectobacterium Carotovorum, Penyebab Penyakit Busuk Lunak Anggrek

Soft rot is one of the most important diseases of orchids caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum. The conventional methods for the detection of pathogen is tedious and time consuming. In recent years, numerous molecular diagnostic approaches for the detection of P. carotovorum have been developed, including various PCR-based assays. Optimization of PCR technique to DNA amplification is essential for time and material efficiency, which will make detection to be rapid and more appropriate. The purposes of this study were to decide concentration of DNA and primer, and also the concentration of bacterial pure cultures and primer to amplify 16S rRNA gene fragment. Optimization of PCR was done by using various concentration of DNA, pure cultures of bacteria, and primer to amplify the 16S rRNA gene sequence. The results showed that the most optimum concentration to amplify 16S rRNA gene sequence at DNA and primer concentration were 63,4 ng/µl and 10 pmol, while pure cultures and primer concentrations were at 8×109 CF U/ml and 10 pmol respectively. Penyakit busuk lunak yang disebabkan oleh Pectobacterium carotovorum merupakan salah satu penyakit penting pada tanaman anggrek. Deteksi patogen secara cepat dan akurat dapat dilakukan secara molekular menggunakan teknik Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Optimasi metode PCR perlu dilakukan untuk mengefisienkan waktu dan penggunaan bahan sehingga proses deteksi dapat dilakukan dengan cepat dan tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan konsentrasi DNA dengan primer maupun konsentrasi kultur murni bakteri dengan primer yang paling tepat untuk mendapatkan fragmen gen 16S rRNA. Optimasi PCR dilakukan menggunakan beberapa variasi pengenceran pada DNA, kultur murni bakteri, dan primer untuk mengamplifikasi gen 16S rRNA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi yang paling optimal untuk mengamplifikasi gen 16S rRNA yaitu DNA dan primer masing-masing sebesar 63,4 ng/µl dan 10 pmol, sedangkan konsentrasi kultur murni dan primer sebesar 8×109 CFU/ml dan 10 pmol