La nature des uns et la nature des autres

Tous nos remerciements vont à nos collègues du programme ECOFAC, aux personnes qui, dans la Réserve de Faune du Dja, dans la Réserve de Faune de la Lopé et dans le Parc National d'Odzala nous ont accueillis et ont accepté de faire part de leurs vécus ; ainsi qu'à Serge Bahuchet, Philippe Jespers et Paul Joins pour les commentaires qu'ils ont bien Voulu apporter à ce texte. Introduction Les nombreux témoignages relatifs aux relations tendues et parfois conflictuelles entre paysans et gestionna..

L’heuristique de la littérature grise sur le développement participatif du Bassin congolais

La littérature grise en sciences sociales, lorsqu’elle est produite dans le contexte des projets, comporte des particularités cognitives spécifiques qui entravent une contribution opératoire aux politiques de coopération au développement. Dans ce cas, ce n’est pas la littérature en anthropologie du développement qui est mobilisée pour la constitution de la boîte à outils de la recherche appliquée. Il s’agit d’un autre cadre cognitif a-historique, sectoriel et non cumulatif dont les particularités heuristiques sont notamment l’incomparabilité et la non prédictibilité. Ceci mène à la récurrence d’un problème dans la pratique appliquée consistant à entretenir une confusion entre recommandations structurelles et conjoncturelles. Cette contribution est illustrée par des exemples tirés d’une étude pluridisciplinaire sur la gestion participative des forêts dans le Bassin congolaisThe grey litterature in social sciences, especially when it is produced in development projects, consists of specific cognitive particularities that prevent an operational contribution to development policies. In this case it is not the anthropology of development literature that is used to construct a toolbox for applied research. Instead it is an a-historical, sectorial and non-accumulative cognitive framework with its heuristic particularities, such as non-comparability and non-predictability. This leads to a recurrent problem in applied practice that sustains a confusion of structural and conjunctural recommendations. This article contributes with examples from a multidisciplinary study of participatory forest management in the Congo Bassin

The challenge of participatory natural resource management with mobile herders at the scale of a Sub-Saharan African protected area

Abstract In Sub-Saharan Africa, the management of rangelands used by mobile populations, such as transhumant herders, must include large scale, sometimes cross-border, components. This mobility, common and significant in transhumant livestock production systems is, in most cases, not taken into account in conservation and natural resources management strategies around protected areas. Most conservation projects which include a development goal are designed to provide support to sedentary subsistence agricultural populations. Securing ‘‘pastoral lands’’ is seldom included as part of protected areas land management approaches. This paper focuses on the difficulty of integrating pastoral, agricultural and conservation issues into a regional land management plan. Based on a case study in Chad (Zakouma National Park), we pay particular attention to local mechanisms of land tenure negotiation, the mobile actors and the complex political landscape that this creates. Keywords Land tenure � Mobility � Protected areas � Sub-Saharan Africa � Transhumant herders � Wildlife conservatio

Elements of Techno-Economic Changes among the Sendent Atised Bagyeli pygmies (South-West Cameroon)

This paper deals with the problems of the relations between the settled BaGyeli (or BaKola) Pygmies and their non-Pygmy neighbours from the perspective of techno-economic changes in BaGyeli society. The first part concerns the hypothetical reconstruction of the history of the ancestral relationship between these Pygmies and their agricultural neighbours, particular attention being paid to the inequalities existing today between these two communities. The second part studies certain aspects of changes and influences affecting BaGyeli society which seem to be more important for the activities of women than for those of men

The Framework of Central African Hunter-Gatherers and Neighbouring Societies

This article presents a synthesis of available information about the framework of relations between Pygmy peoples and neighbouring local communities called "villagers" or "farmers." From an epistemological point of view, the literature is more detailed about the origin of that relationship than about the analysis of its framework. From an ethnographic viewpoint, a comparison of the two most researched case studies in different cultural settings provides evidence of the existence of a similar relational interethnic model in the Congo River basin. This model involves both aspects of the "ideology of solidarity, " sustained by links of pseudo-kinship, and of the "ideology of domination, " political-economic dominance over the Pygmy peoples by the "villagers." The relationship also appears fluid in that it allows a multiplicity of partnerships. The interethnic relational model suits an environment of mobility and of acephalous political organization. The author argues that the model is not specific to hunter-gatherer societies, nor to Pygmy communities in general, but rather to Pygmy groups in regular contact with villager communities characterised by mobility and non-hierarchical political organization

The challenge of participatory natural resource management with mobile herders at the scale of a Sub-Saharan African protected area

Abstract In Sub-Saharan Africa, the management of rangelands used by mobile populations, such as transhumant herders, must include large scale, sometimes cross-border, components. This mobility, common and significant in transhumant livestock production systems is, in most cases, not taken into account in conservation and natural resources management strategies around protected areas. Most conservation projects which include a development goal are designed to provide support to sedentary subsistence agricultural populations. Securing ‘‘pastoral lands’’ is seldom included as part of protected areas land management approaches. This paper focuses on the difficulty of integrating pastoral, agricultural and conservation issues into a regional land management plan. Based on a case study in Chad (Zakouma National Park), we pay particular attention to local mechanisms of land tenure negotiation, the mobile actors and the complex political landscape that this creates. Keywords Land tenure � Mobility � Protected areas � Sub-Saharan Africa � Transhumant herders � Wildlife conservatio

Gestion participative du sanctuaire de gorilles de plaine de l'ouest (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) de Lossi en République du Congo- Brazzaville: première analyse de résultats et des contraintes

Participative Management of the Sanctuary of Western Lowland Gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) of Lossi in Republic of Congo-Brazzaville: Preliminary Results and Constraints Analysis. The gorilla sanctuary of Lossi experiments the synergy between scientific research and nature conservation. Three partners are involved in a management participative process. These partners include the Republic of Congo, the local community of Lossi and the European programme on the forest ecosystems in Central Africa. An investigation was carried out on the sanctuary of Lossi in 2003, in order to study in situ the effects generated by the participative management and to identify the constraints linked to the participative approach. The work of primatologists allowed the habituation of the gorillas to the human presence and opened eyesight tourism of western lowland gorillas. A camp for tourists and the access road to the sanctuary have been constructed. The tourism generated jobs in favour of the local population which is also a take-partner of contracts on road repairing. The income from the tourism allowed the construction of a health centre. However, the works of researchers and tourism activities failed during the outbreaks of the Ebola hemorrhagic fever and during the three civil war episodes. The consolidation and the long term of this process of co-management of natural resources of Lossi remains the establishment of a management that should include conservation, rural development and scientific research, with equitably in the distribution of gain between the partnerses

Engager l’anthropologie pour le développement et le changement social

Le présent numéro triple du Bulletin de l’APAD est une compilation de commuications présentées au colloque de l’APAD du 20 au 23 janvier 2012 à Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Le thème du colloque fut « Engager l’Anthropologie pour le développement et le changement social : Pratiques, discours et éthique ». Comme organisateurs principaux du colloque, nous voudrions exprimer nos remerciements à tous les acteurs et institutions qui ont soutenu le colloque : Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida), Danish International Development Agency (DANIDA), Vlaamse Interuniversitaire Raad (VLIR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université de Ouagadougou, Université Polytechnique de Bobo-Dioulasso, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST), Uppsala Universitet, Université de Montréal, African Studies Centre Leiden et Katolieke Universiteit Leuven. Ce colloque de l’APAD a également reçu le soutien du Ministère des EnseignementsSupérieur, Secondaireet de la Recherche Scientifiquedu Burkina Faso.Enfin, nous ne saurons terminer cette note sans remercier tous nos collègues et amis (ils se reconnaitront!) qui se sont engagés dans le comité d’organisation du colloque de l'APAD 2010. Merci à toutes et à tous!Une mention spéciale à nos collaboratrices proches et quotidiennes Bérénice Ouattara et Gabriella Körling. Le prochain colloque de l’APAD à Montpellier, France, du 13 au 15 juin 2013 va poursuivre les réflexions entamées à Ouagadougou. A Montpellier le thème est « Les relations d’enquête en contexte de développement ou d’urgence : Accès, risques, savoirs, restitutions ». Le Bulletin de l’APAD est produit au département d’anthropologie culturelle et d’ethnologie, Université d’Uppsala. Les propositions que nous sollicitons pour notre revue concernent aussi bien des numéros thématiques que des contributions individuelles. The current triple issue of APAD Bulletin brings together a selection of papers presented at the APAD Conference 20-23 January 2010 in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. The theme of the conference was “Engaging Anthropology for Development and Social Change: Practices, Discourses and Ethics”. As conference conveners we would like to express our deepest thanks to all actors and institutions that supported the conference: Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida), Danish International Development Agency (DANIDA), Vlaamse Interuniversitaire Raad (VLIR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Bobo-Dioulasso Polytechnical University, Ouagadougou University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST), Uppsala University, Université de Montréal, African Studies Centre Leiden and Katolieke Universiteit Leuven. The conference was supported by the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research of Burkina Faso. And last but never least we would like to thank colleagues and friends (you know who you are!) in the organisation committee of the APAD 2010 OUAGA. Bravo! A special thanks to our close, daily collaborators Bérénice Ouattara and Gabriella Körling. The upcoming APAD conference in Montpellier, France, 13-15 June 2013 will follow up the Ouagadougou conference. In Montpellier, the theme is “Fieldwork relations in the context of Development or Emergency: Access, risks, knowledge, restitutions”. The APAD Bulletin is produced at the Department of Cultural Anthropology & Ethnology, Uppsala University. We welcome proposals of special issues, as well as individual papers, to be published in our journal