Editorial

Games are complex systems that operate at the intersections of science and art, leisure and sport, complex and simple, academic and practice, among others. In an increasingly connected and interdependent world, games continue to transcend borders and reach international audiences everywhere, often instantly. Despite this almost unfettered access to games, the global nature of game development and distribution has also resulted in complex economic ties across and between companies, countries and continents. Large media conglomerates design, develop and produce their AAA games in multiple locations around the world. Each location brings its own significant challenges, opportunities and barriers to entering particular markets, be it from a localization or legal point of view. This Special Issue of the Journal of Gaming and Virtual Worlds, 'China and the World: Navigating Video Game Localization and Copyright Challenges', brings together experts from different fields providing insights into the Chinese games market from an interdisciplinary and international perspective. This Special Issue is dedicated to analysing and understanding the Chinese games market from interdisciplinary perspectives, particularly the ways in which video game localization rationale and copyright law differ globally. The five contributions to this issue demonstrate the complex internationality and intersectionality of the Chinese games market together with the challenges and opportunities associated with entering the market

Navigating China game publishing::a case study of Steam China

This case study focuses on engagement with publishing platforms in China and involves a collaboration with Steam China. Our goal was to develop a playable game prototype that was both framed and informed by China publishing and market expertise. By developing the game concept and pitch from the ground up with these restrictions and requirements in mind, our hope was that the resulting case study would serve as a useful pathfinder for other UK-based developers who want to learn more about game publishing for China markets

Implementing Welfare-to-Work Services: A Study of Staff Decision-Making

Copyright 2006 Alliance for Children and FamiliesIn the post-welfare reform era, increased discretion has been given to frontline staff for day-today welfare policy implementation. To determine how frontline staff address the complex needs of welfare program participants in this new policy environment, the decision-making processes of welfare staff (N = 52) in 11 San Francisco Bay Area county social service agencies were assessed through a case vignette using a Web-based survey design. We examined staff decision making in four areas: problem recognition, goal formulation, information search processes, and evaluation. The results suggest that the high level o f staff discretion apparent in the day-to-day implementation of welfare policy may have important implications for participants. Several recommendations for policy, practice, and future research are presented

Analysis of publication trends and its relationship with academic success among dermatology residents and fellows

Background: Exposure to academic research is regarded as a meaningful component of medical training. Despite the importance placed on research activities, little is known regarding the extent to which dermatology residents and fellows participate in research. Thus, we sought to determine if research productivity during residency and fellowship training predicted future research and academic success.Methods: We assessed whether research productivity during residency predicted future research and academic success. We searched for names of graduates from a random sample of 50 reputable dermatology programs. For each of the 202 graduates included, we determined the number of peer-reviewed publications (published before, during, and after residency), the total number of first authored peer-reviewed publications, H-index score, fellowship program, and if the graduate is currently working in a private or academic setting.Results: One hundred dermatology residency programs were identified, for which 50 were included in our sample. Graduate rosters were available for 16 programs (32%) with a total 202 residents. The majority of graduates had 1-5 publications (94/202, 46.5%), with 28/202 (13.8%) having 0 publications and 8/202 (3.96%) having >30 publications. The average number of publications prior to residency was 0.98, 3.33 during residency, and 3.39 after residency. Overall, the average number of total publications per resident was 7.71. Greater than one-half of first-authored publications were completed during residency (347/635, 54.6%). Lastly, one-third of graduates (68/202, 33.6%) elected to pursue a fellowship, and 66 graduates (of 202, 32.6%) chose to pursue a career in academia after completion of residency training.Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that graduates of dermatology residency and fellowship programs are actively involved in research opportunities throughout their medical training. The value placed on research during dermatology training appears to carry with graduates into their postgraduate career, accounting for the continued research productivity after residency. We emphasize the importance of active involvement in research during and after residency in an effort to equip training physicians with valuable skills in order to accurately interpret and apply research outcomes to better patient care

Direct characterisation of tuneable few-femtosecond dispersive-wave pulses in the deep UV

Dispersive wave emission (DWE) in gas-filled hollow-core dielectric waveguides is a promising source of tuneable coherent and broadband radiation, but so far the generation of few-femtosecond pulses using this technique has not been demonstrated. Using in-vacuum frequency-resolved optical gating, we directly characterise tuneable 3fs pulses in the deep ultraviolet generated via DWE. Through numerical simulations, we identify that the use of a pressure gradient in the waveguide is critical for the generation of short pulses.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Evaluation of spin in the abstracts of systematic reviews regarding the treatment of acne vulgaris

Background: Spin is the misrepresentation of study findings which may positively or negatively influence the reader's interpretation of the results. Little is known regarding the prevalence of spin in abstracts of systematic reviews — specifically systematic reviews pertaining to management and treatment for acne vulgaris.Objective: Our primary objective was to characterize and determine the frequency of the most severe forms of spin in systematic review abstracts, and to evaluate whether various study characteristics were associated with spin.Methods: Using a cross-sectional study design, we searched PubMed and Embase for systematic reviews focusing on the management and treatment of acne vulgaris. Our search returned 316 studies, of which 36 were included in our final sample. To be included, each systematic review must have addressed either pharmacologic or non-pharmacologic treatment of acne vulgaris. These studies were screened and data were extracted in duplicate by two blinded investigators. We analyzed systematic review abstracts for the 9 most severe types of spin.Results: Spin was present in 11 of 36 abstracts (30.56%). Twelve examples of spin were identified in the 11 abstracts containing spin, with one abstract containing two instances of spin. The most common type of spin, selective reporting of or overemphasis on efficacy outcomes or analysis favoring the beneficial effect of the experimental intervention, was identified 5 times (5/12, 41.67%). Sixteen of the 36 (16/36, 44.44%) studies did not report a risk of bias assessment. Of the 11 abstracts containing spin, 6 did not report a risk of bias assessment or performed a risk of bias assessment but did not discuss it (6/11, 54.55%). Spin in abstracts was not significantly associated with a specific intervention type, the use of a medical writer, funding source, journal impact factor, or PRISMA/PRISMA-A journal requirements.Conclusions: Abstracts with evidence of spin have the potential to influence clinical decision making. Therefore, further research is needed to evaluate what types of spin have the greatest influence on clinical practice. To help address the misrepresentation of study findings, we offer recommendations to better educate and improve peer-reviewers' and editors' awareness of, and ability to identify, spin in abstracts of systematic reviews

Endotracheal Tube Dislodgment in a High Risk Pulmonary Hypertensive Patient due to Undiagnosed Tracheomegaly: A Case Report

Introduction Airway enlargement was first described histologically in 1872, but it was not clinically reported until 1932, when Dr. Mounier-Kuhn published his seminal radiographic studies.1 Since then, it is estimated that several hundred case reports have been published on congenital Mounier-Kuhn Syndrome (MKS), acquired tracheomegaly, and tracheobronchomegaly (TBM), yet only a few comprehensive literature reviews exist.2 Case This case report details an elective nasal procedure for a patient with a history of significant pulmonary hypertension ad COPD on 5L home O2 who had a symptomatic facial trauma. He was considered high risk secondary to his pulmonary disease, but he was considered medically optimized for surgery and had undergone a prior uncomplicated general anesthetic. An intraoperative endotracheal tube dislodgement necessitated emergency airway rescue with difficulty in re-establishing adequate ventilation resulting in the patient being brought to the ICU post-operatively. After a second endotracheal dislodgement shortly later, retrospective radiographic airway analysis revealed tracheal dimensions of 32 x 26mm, suggesting a previously undiagnosed tracheomegaly. Written consent and HIPAA authorization was obtained from the patient for the publication of this case report. Conclusion This case highlights the clinical importance for anesthesiologists to be aware of tracheobronchomegaly (TBM) despite limited provider experience with these patients and sparse reporting on the condition. It is underdiagnosed radiographically and may first present in the OR. TBM can manifest in many ways with potentially fatal complications thus it is vital for anesthesiologists to be able to recognize, troubleshoot, and potentially treat issues related to the disease

Publication trends among anesthesiology graduates and its relationship with future academic success

Purpose: Research during medical training is widely considered to be an integral component of residency and fellowship match success, with many residency programs encouraging residents to engage in scholastic activities, such as serving as authors on peer-reviewed publications. However, the degree to which these scholarly practices continue beyond residency is unknown. Here, we investigate publication trends among graduates of anesthesiology residency programs as part of a larger initiative to examine publication trends and academic achievement across medical specialties.Methods: We employed a cross-sectional study design analyzing research output by graduates of anesthesiology residencies in relation to future publications and academic accomplishments from a random sample of 50 anesthesiology residency rosters using Doximity. For each graduate, we extracted from Scopus the number publications, H-index score, fellowship attainment, and post-graduate practice setting.Results: We identified 153 anesthesiology residency programs, of which 50 were randomly selected. Fifteen programs provided rosters, consisting of 390 graduates. The majority of graduates (197/390, 50.5%) had 1 or more publications, while 193 (49.5%) had zero publications, with an average of 2 publications per graduate and a median H-index score of 1.2. Most graduates pursued a fellowship (227/390, 58.2%), however, less than one-quarter (101/390, 25.9%) currently practice in an academic setting. Pearson correlation test demonstrated a positive correlation between the number of publications before residency and H-index (0.84), as well as during (0.33) and after residency (0.39). Graduates that had higher mean total publications were more likely to go into academic medicine (M = 3.8, SD 0.6) and pursue a fellowship after residency (M = 3.1, SD 0.4) than those that did not (M = 1.4, SD 0.3) (t390=-4.2, p <.001) and (M = 0.5, SD 0.1) (t390=-5.2, p <.001), respectively. Male graduates (M = 2.4, SD 0.4) had a higher mean publication total than female graduates (M = 1.3, SD 0.2) (t390=-2.0, p <.05).Conclusion: Despite scholastic activity being a requirement of graduate medical education, few graduates of anesthesiology residency programs are publishing research. We believe that promoting greater physician involvement in the research process will strengthen confidence in the interpretation and application of research findings

Analysis of publication trends in orthopedic residents in relations to academic achievement post-graduation

Background: Continuing Medical Education (CME) is an essential component of physician's careers. For many years the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) has required residency programs to promote scholarly activity to obtain and retain accreditation. Many programs interpret this to mean promoting research amongst their members. Encouraging students to publish during residency is believed to promote research throughout their careers, but little information has been collected and analyzed to verify this assumption. This study was undertaken to determine if publishing in peer reviewed journals during orthopedic residencies was an indicator of continued academic achievement post-graduation.Methods: We examined whether research outcomes during orthopedic residencies indicated academic advancement and continual research. We identified 201 orthopedic residency programs and randomly selected 50 credible programs to include. Of the 298 graduates, we recorded the number of peer-reviewed publications, H-index score, fellowship program and if the graduate is currently working in private practice or an academic setting.Results: We included 201 orthopedic residency programs in our sample, of those 50 programs were included. A total of 25 (50%) programs provided graduate rosters for 298 residents. Thirty-seven residents (12.5%) had zero publications, 213 residents (80.0%) had 1-5 publications, 36 residents (12.2%) had 6-10 publications, 5 residents (1.7%) had 11-15 publications, 2 residents (0.66%) had 21-25 publications and 3 residents (1.0%) had 26-30 publications. Sixty-eight graduates (of 298, 22.8%) pursued academia and 276 (of 298, 92.6%) pursued a fellowship.Summary: The results indicate the vast majority of orthopedic residents published in peer reviewed journals complete fellowships. Though over 90% of residents actively pursued research during their medical instruction, less than a quarter chose to pursue academic medicine after completing their residencies. While not many students continued on to teach, nearly three quarters published after completing their programs. Encouraging publications during medical education does appear to promote further academic achievement after graduation, though more commonly as continued research not necessarily institutional academia