Systematics of Old World Odontacolus Kieffer s.l. (Hymenoptera, Platygastridae s.l.): Parasitoids of spider eggs

The genera Odontacolus Kieffer and Cyphacolus Priesner are among the most distinctive platygastroid wasps because of their laterally compressed metasomal horn; however, their generic status has remained unclear. We present a morphological phylogenetic analysis comprising all 38 Old World and four Neotropical Odontacolus species and 13 Cyphacolus species, which demonstrates that the latter is monophyletic but nested within a somewhat poorly resolved Odontacolus. Based on these results Cyphacolus syn. n. is placed as a junior synonym of Odontacolus which is here redefined. The taxonomy of Old World Odontacolus s.str. is revised; the previously known species Odontacolus longiceps Kieffer (Seychelles), Odontacolus markadicus Veenakumari (India), Odontacolus spinosus (Dodd) (Australia) and Odontacolus hackeri (Dodd) (Australia) are re-described, and 32 new species are described: Odontacolus africanus Valerio & Austin sp. n. (Congo, Guinea, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe), Odontacolus aldrovandii Valerio & Austin sp. n. (Nepal), Odontacolus anningae Valerio & Austin sp. n. (Cameroon), Odontacolus australiensis Valerio & Austin sp. n. (Australia), Odontacolus baeri Valerio & Austin sp. n. (Australia), Odontacolus berryae Valerio & Austin sp. n. (Australia, New Zealand, Norfolk Island), Odontacolus bosei Valerio & Austin sp. n. (India, Malaysia, Sri Lanka), Odontacolus cardaleae Valerio & Austin sp. n. (Australia), Odontacolus darwini Valerio & Austin sp. n. (Thailand), Odontacolus dayi Valerio & Austin sp. n. (Indonesia), Odontacolus gallowayi Valerio & Austin sp. n. (Australia), Odontacolus gentingensis Valerio & Austin sp. n. (Malaysia), Odontacolus guineensis Valerio & Austin sp. n. (Guinea), Odontacolus harveyi Valerio & Austin sp. n. (Australia), Odontacolus heratyi Valerio & Austin sp. n. (Fiji), Odontacolus heydoni Valerio & Austin sp. n. (Malaysia, Thailand), Odontacolus irwini Valerio & Austin sp. n. (Fiji), Odontacolus jacksonae Valerio & Austin sp. n. (Cameroon, Guinea, Madagascar), Odontacolus kiau Valerio & Austin sp. n. (Papua New Guinea), Odontacolus lamarcki Valerio & Austin sp. n. (Thailand), Odontacolus madagascarensis Valerio & Austin sp. n. (Madagascar), Odontacolus mayri Valerio & Austin sp. n. (Indonesia, Thailand), Odontacolus mot Valerio & Austin sp. n. (India), Odontacolus noyesi Valerio & Austin sp. n. (India, Indonesia), Odontacolus pintoi Valerio & Austin sp. n. (Australia, New Zealand, Norfolk Island), Odontacolus schlingeri Valerio & Austin sp. n. (Fiji), Odontacolus sharkeyi Valerio & Austin sp. n. (Thailand), Odontacolus veroae Valerio & Austin sp. n. (Fiji), Odontacolus wallacei Valerio & Austin sp. n. (Australia, Indonesia, Malawi, Papua New Guinea), Odontacolus whitfieldi Valerio & Austin sp. n. (China, India, Indonesia, Sulawesi, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam), Odontacolus zborowskii Valerio & Austin sp. n. (Australia), and Odontacolus zimi Valerio & Austin sp. n. (Madagascar). In addition, all species of Cyphacolus are here transferred to Odontacolus: Odontacolus asheri (Valerio, Masner & Austin) comb. n. (Sri Lanka), Odontacolus axfordi (Valerio, Masner & Austin) comb. n. (Australia), Odontacolus bhowaliensis (Mani & Mukerjee) comb. n. (India), Odontacolus bouceki (Austin & Iqbal) comb. n. (Australia), Odontacolus copelandi (Valerio, Masner & Austin) comb. n. (Kenya, Nigeria, Zimbabwe, Thailand), Odontacolus diazae (Valerio, Masner & Austin) comb. n. (Kenya), Odontacolus harteni (Valerio, Masner & Austin) comb. n. (Yemen, Ivory Coast, Paskistan), Odontacolus jenningsi (Valerio, Masner & Austin) comb. n. (Australia), Odontacolus leblanci (Valerio, Masner & Austin) comb. n. (Guinea), Odontacolus lucianae (Valerio, Masner & Austin) comb. n. (Ivory Coast, Madagascar, South Af rica, Swaziland, Zimbabwe), Odontacolus normani (Valerio, Masner & Austin) comb. n. (India, United Arab Emirates), Odontacolus sallyae (Valerio, Masner & Austin) comb. n. (Australia), Odontacolus tes...Alejandro A.Valerio , Andrew D. Austin , Lubomír Masner , Norman F. Johnso

Scholarly research productivity among ophthalmology residency graduates

Purpose: The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) requires that ophthalmology residents participate in scholarly activity during residency. However, to our knowledge it is unknown whether research publications during undergraduate, medical school, residency or fellowship training predict future academic publication performance among ophthalmologists. The aim of this study was to (1) measure scholarly research productivity (as measured by the H-index) among ophthalmology residency graduates, as measured by peer-reviewed publication output, and its relation to future publication output, and (2) evaluate whether scholarly impact of academic ophthalmologists is correlated with any specific characteristics.Methods: This study is cross-sectional in nature and included a random sample of 50 ophthalmology residency programs. From each program, a list of graduating residents from years 2013, 2014, and 2015 was compiled and each graduate was search on Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar. The publications of each graduate were then identified and data was extracted and collected in a double blind, duplicate fashion by 2 investigators. Research publication output was then stratified and analyzed.Results: Graduates that had a higher mean total publication (M = 9.11, SD=12.91) were significantly more likely to pursue a fellowship than those that did not (M=2.68, SD=3.16) (t234= -3.9, p = .0001). Graduates with more first person publications and higher H-index values were also significantly more likely to pursue fellowships (t234= -3.78, p = 0.0002) (t234= -3.93, p = 0.0001).Graduates that had a higher mean total publication (M = 14.2, SD= 18.19) were more likely to pursue academic careers than those that did not (M=4.57, SD = 4.88) (t234= -6.3, p = 0 .0001). Graduates with more first person publications and higher H-index values were also significantly more likely to pursue academic careers (t234= -5.17, p = 0.001) (t234= -4.84, p <0.0001). Gender proved to not be a significant determination of research pursuit in terms of publication or first person publication numbers (t234= -1.01, p = .3107) (t234= -0.53, p = .5949). However, H-index values for men (M = 3.06, SD= 3.47 ) and women (M = 2.52, SD=2.64) were significantly different (t234= -3.9, p = 0.0406).Conclusion: The positive correlation between the between graduates' research productivity and career and future research outcomes could present an interesting aspect for viewing candidates for fellowship or careers. The correlation demonstrates that students who performed research before and during residency were more productive with research after residency. This could present a positive reason to select an individual for a fellowship or academic program. The lack of research conversely indicates a likelihood of low research productivity. This could potentially negatively impact candidates. The evaluation of an individual's H-value, first-person publications, or total number of publications can then possibly be supplementary for decision making or gauge potential

Cross-sectional analysis of psychiatry residency graduate peer-reviewed publication trends

Background: Scholarly activity through research is widely considered to be an integral component of medical training, and residency or fellowship match success. However, the rate of these scholarly practices in psychiatry residency graduates is relatively unknown. Here, we aim to (1) describe factors associated with scholarly research activities, as measured by peer-reviewed publications, among psychiatry residency graduates, and (2) determine if an association exists between publication rates before, during, or after psychiatry residency.Methods: We employed a cross-sectional study design analyzing research output by psychiatry residency graduates in relation to future publications and academic accomplishments from a random sample of 50 psychiatry residency rosters. Data were extracted for each graduate and analyzed using STATA 15.1 and Microsoft Excel. A protocol is publicly available here: https://osf.io/pwa6d/.Results: We identified 249 residency programs of which we randomly sampled 50. Among the 50 programs, 7 were included, totaling 122 graduates from psychiatry residencies to be analyzed. Of the 122 graduated residents, 57% (69) produced no publications. Of the graduates who pursued a fellowship, 25.4% (31/67) entered into Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. Of the 53 published graduates, most of their publications were received before residency, making up 68 of the 183 publications (37.2%). Compared to before residency, the total number of publications during residency reduced by 29.4% (20/68).Conclusion: While a majority of psychiatry graduate's publications were pre-residency, many publications occurred post- residency and the average number of publications was lowest during residency training

Scholarly research productivity among otolaryngology residency graduates and its relationship to future academic achievement

Background: The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) requires that all residencies participate in research. This growing emphasis on research during residency has made it increasingly important for medical students to gain familiarity with the basic principles of research before beginning residency training. Thus, our goal is to determine if an association exists between publication rates before, during, or after otolaryngology residency training and whether publication efforts may predict future academic achievement. If such an association exists, perhaps otolaryngology residency program directors and education policymakers could use it as a predictive tool to screen future applicants.Methods: In this cross-sectional analysis, we selected a random sample of 50 otolaryngology residency programs listed on Doximity. From these programs, we assembled a list of graduating residents from 2013, 2014, and 2015. Using SCOPUS, PubMed, and Google Scholar, a list of publications for each graduate was compiled and data were extracted in an independent, double-blinded fashion by two investigators.Results: Of the 50 randomly selected otolaryngology residency programs included in this analysis, 27 (54%) programs representing 207 residents were included. Before residency, graduates published a mean of 0.7 (SD=2.3) articles and a mean of 0.2 (SD=0.8) first author publications. During residency, graduates published a mean of 4.1 (SD=5.0) articles and a mean of 2.2 (SD=3.2) first author publications. After residency, graduates published a mean of 5.4 (SD= 9.6) articles and a mean of 1.8 (SD=2.8) first author publications. Residents who pursued a fellowship had more publications (t205=-5.5, p <.001) and more first author publications (t205=-5.3, p <.001) than residents who did not pursue fellowship training. Residents who chose careers in academic medicine had a higher number of mean total publications (t205=-7.2, p <.001) and first author publications (t205=-7.0, p <.001) than those in private practice.Conclusion: Otolaryngology residency graduates are actively involved in research opportunities throughout their medical training. Research productivity significantly correlated with future fellowship training, the pursuit of an academic career, and overall h-index. Residents who published more research were more likely to enter fellowship training and academic careers. Our results indicate that promoting greater physician involvement in the research process may strengthen confidence in the interpretation and application of research findings and ultimately lead to future academic success

Clinician identification of youth abusing over-the-counter products for weight control in a large U.S. integrated health system

Background: Abuse of over-the-counter (OTC) products, such as diet pills and laxatives, for weight control by adolescents is well-documented and can precipitate serious medical conditions. Yet only a small percentage of youth with disordered weight control behaviors receive treatment. The objective of this study was to examine how often clinicians communicate with youth with symptoms consistent with abuse of OTC products for weight control about possible use of these products. We used electronic medical records and administrative claims for services for 53,229 12 to 17 year old patients receiving care from an integrated health system in the U.S. Northwest from August 2007 to December 2010. We examined electronic text of clinical notes to identify encounters in which the clinician noted one of 10 metabolic conditions potentially associated with abuse of OTC products (diet pills, laxatives, diuretics, ipecac, orlistat, and alli®) for weight control and then assessed whether clinicians noted communication with adolescent patients about possible use of OTC products for weight control. Results: We identified 130 (0.2% of sample) patients with clinical notes indicating one or more of the metabolic conditions. In clinical notes for only four (3.1%) of these patients did clinicians document suspicion or communication about possible abuse of the OTC products. All four had a previous eating disorder diagnosis. In the 12 months subsequent to the clinical encounter in which a metabolic disturbance was identified, medical notes for only three (2.3%) of the 130 patients indicated clinician suspicion or communication about possible abuse of these products or an eating disorder. Conclusions: Clinicians are missing a critical window of opportunity to query adolescents when presenting with suspicious metabolic disturbances about possible abuse of OTC products for weight control. Clinicians may need more training to detect OTC product abuse, and electronic medical records should prompt more thorough enquiry

Publication and research trends among neurological residents

Research is a critical aspect of residency training, but many programs lack a robust research component in their curriculum. Research publications are one way that physicians can advance their career in academic medicine, and the number of publications is often used as a criterion for determining suitable fellowship applicants. In this study, we evaluate the relationship between publications during and after residency in the field of neurology as well as analyze the relationship between number of publications and characteristics such as gender and career path. We randomly selected 50 ACGME Neurology residency programs from across the United States and recorded the number of publications, h-index, gender, fellowship choice, and career path for each graduate between 2013-2015. Each publication was sorted into time frames before residency, during residency, and after residency. The study included a total of 379 neurology residents from 25 different residency programs. Residents who pursued academic medicine had a significantly higher mean total publications (M = 10.1, SD 16.4) than those who pursued private practice (M = 4.2, SD 9.0) (t377 =-4.5, p <0.000). The mean total publications for male residents (M = 8.6, SD 16.5) was significantly higher than female residents (M = 4.1, SD 5.6) (t377 =-3.6, p <0.0002). Pearson correlation also revealed a correlation between publications during residency and publications after residency, with a Pearson product moment correlation of 0.61. The positive correlation between number of publications during residency and publications after residency, demonstrates the importance of implementing strong research principles and practice in a residency's curriculum. We also report a higher number of mean total publications by those who pursued academic medicine than those who pursued private practice. In addition, the results show an underrepresentation of females in neurology research, indicating a need to encourage more females to engage in neurology research and possibly STEM fields in general at an earlier stage in their educational career

Publication trends among emergency medicine residents, fellows, and graduates and its relationship to future academic achievement

Purpose: Scholastic activity through research involvement is a fundamental aspect of a physician's training, and may have a significant influence on residency and fellowship match success. Despite this fact, little is known regarding the pursuit of academia and/or fellowships in emergency medicine graduates. In this review, we will (1) describe factors involved in academic research including peer-reviewed publications among emergency medicine residency graduates and (2) determine if a relationship exists between publication rates before, during, and after emergency medicine residency.Methods: Using a cross-sectional study design, we analyzed the research output of emergency medicine graduates and its relationship to future academic involvement from a random sample of 50 emergency medicine programs' graduates. Data were extracted for each graduate and analyzed using STATA 15.1 and Microsoft Excel. A public protocol is available here: https://osf.io/pwa6d/.Results: Using Doximity, we identified 238 emergency medicine residency programs of which we sampled 50. Of the 50 included programs, 6 programs were included, amounting in 154 graduates available for analysis. Of the 154 analyzed graduates, 97 (63.0%) were male, 91 (59.1%) were osteopathic graduates, and 91 (59.1%) had zero publications. Additionally, we found that 26/154 (16.9%) pursued academia and 16/164 (10.4%) pursued a fellowship, with 4/16 (25%) in medical toxicology and 4/16 (25%) in emergency medical services. The mean number of publications for each graduate was 0.87. Of the graduates with research, more research was published on average after graduation from residency (0.42) compared to before residency (0.17) and during residency (0.34).Conclusion: While a majority of psychiatry graduate's publications were post-residency, many publications occurred during residency, with the lowest number of publications occurring pre-residency

"Michael Douglas" effect

Background: In June 2013, celebrity actor Michael Douglas announced that he had received a diagnosis of throat cancer, which he attributed to the human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV is the most common sexually transmitted disease, however the HPV vaccination rates are lower than other vaccines. Given the health disclosure of Michael Douglas's cancer, we queried whether this event had an effect on public awareness for HPV-related head and neck cancers (HNCs) or its prevention.Methods: Using Google Trends and Twitter, we retrospectively analyzed search trends and Tweets for the keywords throat cancer, oral cancer, hpv vaccine, and human papillomavirus infection. We extracted data and compared it to an expected forecast found using an autoregressive integrated moving algorithm (ARIMA).Results: During the week of disclosure, Google Trends data demonstrated an increase of 62.5% in hpv infection inquiries, 47.0% in hpv vaccine inquiries, 47.0% in oral cancer inquiries, and 81.5% in throat cancer inquiries above the expected. Tweets referencing hpv increased 127.2%; tweets referencing hpv (vaccine OR vaccination) increased 98.8%; tweets referencing hpv awareness increased 778.4%; tweets referencing oral cancer increased 1038.7%; and tweets referencing throat cancer increased 811.7% compared to the rest of 2013.Conclusions: Data from Google Trends and Twitter indicated that Michael Douglas's disclosure of HPV-related HNC resulted in a substantial increase in public awareness and prevention methods for HPV-related HNC. Celebrity health disclosures may thus prove to be a cost-effective strategy to advocate for public health literacy, and positively influence public interest of specific health issues

Publication trends in Family Medicine graduates: A cross-sectional review

Purpose: The ACGME emphasizes the importance of research throughout residency as it establishes the basis of evidence-based medicine. As future physicians practicing evidence-based medicine, it is crucial that physicians in training are able to both interpret and produce quality research. Currently, the long-term impact of active research participation is unknown in this population. In this study, we aim to (1) explore research activity as measured by peer-reviewed publications among family medicine residency graduates and (2) determine if an association exists between publication rates before, during, or after family medicine residency.Methods: We utilized a cross-sectional study design analyzing research output by family medicine residency graduates in relation to future publications and academic involvement from a random sample of 50 family medicine programs. Data were extracted for each graduate and analyzed using STATA 15.1 and Microsoft Excel. The public protocol can be found here: https://osf.io/pwa6d/.Results: We identified 654 residency programs of which we randomly sampled 50. Among the 50 programs, 8 were included, totaling 101 graduates from family medicine residencies for analysis. Of the 101 analyzed residents, 76 (75.2%) produced zero publications. Of the analyzed residents, 30 (29.7%) pursued a fellowship, with most in sports medicine (5/101 [5.0%]). The mean number of publications for all analyzed residents was 0.8, with most publishing after completion of residency.Conclusion: While a majority of family medicine graduate's publications were post-residency, the average number of publications was lowest during residency training. Increased research opportunity and activity during residency may increase the proportion of family medicine graduates pursuing fellowships and careers in academia, as well as increase resident comfort with both interpretation and utilization of evidence-based interventions in clinical practice

Evaluation of spin in the abstracts of systematic reviews regarding the treatment of acne vulgaris

Background: Spin is the misrepresentation of study findings which may positively or negatively influence the reader's interpretation of the results. Little is known regarding the prevalence of spin in abstracts of systematic reviews — specifically systematic reviews pertaining to management and treatment for acne vulgaris.Objective: Our primary objective was to characterize and determine the frequency of the most severe forms of spin in systematic review abstracts, and to evaluate whether various study characteristics were associated with spin.Methods: Using a cross-sectional study design, we searched PubMed and Embase for systematic reviews focusing on the management and treatment of acne vulgaris. Our search returned 316 studies, of which 36 were included in our final sample. To be included, each systematic review must have addressed either pharmacologic or non-pharmacologic treatment of acne vulgaris. These studies were screened and data were extracted in duplicate by two blinded investigators. We analyzed systematic review abstracts for the 9 most severe types of spin.Results: Spin was present in 11 of 36 abstracts (30.56%). Twelve examples of spin were identified in the 11 abstracts containing spin, with one abstract containing two instances of spin. The most common type of spin, selective reporting of or overemphasis on efficacy outcomes or analysis favoring the beneficial effect of the experimental intervention, was identified 5 times (5/12, 41.67%). Sixteen of the 36 (16/36, 44.44%) studies did not report a risk of bias assessment. Of the 11 abstracts containing spin, 6 did not report a risk of bias assessment or performed a risk of bias assessment but did not discuss it (6/11, 54.55%). Spin in abstracts was not significantly associated with a specific intervention type, the use of a medical writer, funding source, journal impact factor, or PRISMA/PRISMA-A journal requirements.Conclusions: Abstracts with evidence of spin have the potential to influence clinical decision making. Therefore, further research is needed to evaluate what types of spin have the greatest influence on clinical practice. To help address the misrepresentation of study findings, we offer recommendations to better educate and improve peer-reviewers' and editors' awareness of, and ability to identify, spin in abstracts of systematic reviews