34 research outputs found
Frequency of <i>APOL1</i> G1 and <i>APOL1</i> G2 risk variants for CKD-AFRiKA study sample and other populations of interest.
<p>Frequency of <i>APOL1</i> G1 and <i>APOL1</i> G2 risk variants for CKD-AFRiKA study sample and other populations of interest.</p
<i>APOL1</i> risk alleles among individuals with CKD in Northern Tanzania: A pilot study
<div><p>Introduction</p><p>In sub-Saharan Africa, approximately 100 million people have CKD, yet genetic risk factors are not well-understood. Despite the potential importance of understanding <i>APOL1</i> risk allele status among individuals with CKD, little genetic research has been conducted. Therefore, we conducted a pilot study evaluating the feasibility of and willingness to participate in genetic research on kidney disease, and we estimated <i>APOL1</i> risk allele frequencies among individuals with CKD.</p><p>Methods</p><p>In 2014, we conducted a community-based field study evaluating CKD epidemiology in northern Tanzania. We assessed for CKD using urine albumin and serum creatinine to estimate GFR. We invited participants with CKD to enroll in an additional genetic study. We obtained dried-blood spots on filter cards, from which we extracted DNA using sterile punch biopsies. We genotyped for two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) defining the <i>APOL1</i> G1 risk allele and an insertion/deletion polymorphism defining the G2 risk allele. Genotyping was performed in duplicate.</p><p>Results</p><p>We enrolled 481 participant, 57 (12%) of whom had CKD. Among these, enrollment for genotyping was high (n = 48; 84%). We extracted a median of 19.4 ng of DNA from each dried-blood spot sample, and we genotyped the two <i>APOL1</i> G1 SNPs and the <i>APOL1</i> G2 polymorphism. Genotyping quality was high, with all duplicated samples showing perfect concordance. The frequency of <i>APOL1</i> risk variants ranged from 7.0% to 11.0%, which was similar to previously-reported frequencies from the general population of northern Tanzania (p>0.2).</p><p>Discussion</p><p>In individuals with CKD from northern Tanzania, we demonstrated feasibility of genotyping <i>APOL1</i> risk alleles. We successfully genotyped three risk variants from DNA extracted from filter cards, and we demonstrated a high enrollment for participation. In this population, more extensive genetic studies of kidney disease may be well-received and will be feasible.</p></div
Reported frequencies of <i>APOL1</i> G1 and G2 risk alleles for several Bantu populations across sub-Saharan Africa.
<p>Reported frequencies of <i>APOL1</i> G1 and G2 risk alleles for several Bantu populations across sub-Saharan Africa.</p
Characteristics of participants with CKD, by genotyping status; n = 57.
<p>Characteristics of participants with CKD, by genotyping status; n = 57.</p
Socio-demographic characteristics of participants (≥12 years of age) in the Uganda National Asthma survey, stratified by geographic region.
<p>Socio-demographic characteristics of participants (≥12 years of age) in the Uganda National Asthma survey, stratified by geographic region.</p
Association of region with prevalent hypertension among adults (≥18 years of age) before and after sequential adjustments for demographics and socio-economic status.
<p>Association of region with prevalent hypertension among adults (≥18 years of age) before and after sequential adjustments for demographics and socio-economic status.</p
Age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of hypertension among adults (≥18 years of age) in Uganda by geographical region.
<p>Age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of hypertension among adults (≥18 years of age) in Uganda by geographical region.</p
Geographic differences in the prevalence of hypertension in Uganda: Results of a national epidemiological study
<div><p>Background</p><p>Hypertension accounts for more than 212 million global disability-adjusted life-years, and more than 15 million in sub-Saharan Africa. Identifying factors underlying the escalating burden of hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa may inform delivery of targeted public health interventions.</p><p>Methods</p><p>As part of the cross-sectional nationally representative Uganda National Asthma Survey conducted in 2016, we measured blood pressure (BP) in the general population across five regions of Uganda. We defined hypertension as systolic BP ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg, or on-going use of medications for the purpose of lowering BP among adults (≥18 years of age); pre-hypertension as systolic BP between 120 and 140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP bteween 80 and 90 mmHg among adolescents and adults (≥12 years of age).</p><p>Findings</p><p>Of 3416 participants who met inclusion criteria, 38.9% were male, and mean age ± SD was 33.8 ± 16.9 years. The age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of hypertension was 31.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 30.2 to 32.8). The adjusted prevalence of hypertension was highest in the Central Region (34.3%; 95% CI 32.6 to 36.0), and it was comparable to that in the West and East Regions. However, compared with the Central Region, hypertension was significantly less prevalent in the North (22.0%; 95 CI 19.4 to 24.6) and West Nile Regions (24.1%; 95% CI 22.0 to 26.3). Adjustment for demographic characteristics (occupation, monthly income, and educational attainment) of participants did not account for the significantly lower prevalence of hypertension in the North and West Nile Regions. The prevalence of pre-hypertension was 38.8% (95% CI 37.7 to 39.8), and it was highly prevalent among young adults (21–40 years of age: 42.8%; 95% CI 41.2–44.5%) in all regions.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Hypertension is starkly prevalent in Uganda, and numerous more people, including young adults are at increased risk. The burden of hypertension is highest in the Central, Western, and Eastern regions of the country; demographic characteristics did not fully account for the disparate regional burden of hypertension. Future studies should explore the potential additional impact of epidemiological shifts, including diet and lifestyle changes, on the development of hypertension.</p></div
Age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension by geographic region and age category.
<p>Age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension by geographic region and age category.</p
Predicted probabilities of being normotensive (left, upper: BP <120/80 mmHg), pre-hypertensive (right, upper: BP ≥120/80 but <140/90 mmHg), or hypertensive (left, lower: BP ≥140/90 mmHg) in five regions of Uganda according to age, years.
<p>Predicted probabilities of being normotensive (left, upper: BP <120/80 mmHg), pre-hypertensive (right, upper: BP ≥120/80 but <140/90 mmHg), or hypertensive (left, lower: BP ≥140/90 mmHg) in five regions of Uganda according to age, years.</p