The mean wing length of female and male mosquitoes exposed to different parasite dosages.

<p>Both female and male mosquitoes show smaller body size when parasitized, but the relative effect for female <i>Ae</i>. <i>albopictus</i> appears greater, as evidenced by the interaction between sex and dosage (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0184573#pone.0184573.t002" target="_blank">Table 2</a>). Whiskers are bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals (1000 replicates); no confidence intervals for any points overlap.</p

Two approximations of mean parasite per capita growth rate under different parasite doses to mosquito hosts.

<p>Parasite growth rate declined significantly regardless of which growth rate type, including oocysts from the male mosquito (r_p) or not including them (r_m) was used, suggesting an effect of density on parasite growth. Colored letters correspond to separate Tukey’s HSD tests on ANOVA models of each growth rate approximation. Whiskers are bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals (1000 replicates). Mean points are dodged for visibility.</p

The mean total oocysts produced by mosquitoes exposed to different parasite dosages.

<p>Oocyst production within microcosms increases with dosage of parasite. Total oocysts produced did not significantly vary with sex (Table C in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0184573#pone.0184573.s003" target="_blank">S1 File</a>). Both sexes received equal doses; mean values are ‘dodged’ at each parasite dosage for visibility. Whiskers are bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals (1000 replicates).</p

ANCOVA results for the response variable percentage of oocysts in the adult and the explanatory variables of sex and parasite dosage, with covariates of wing length and time to emergence, and a random effect for microcosm.

<p>ANCOVA results for the response variable percentage of oocysts in the adult and the explanatory variables of sex and parasite dosage, with covariates of wing length and time to emergence, and a random effect for microcosm.</p

Differential response to mosquito host sex and parasite dosage suggest mixed dispersal strategies in the parasite <i>Ascogregarina taiwanensis</i> - Fig 1

<p>The mean proportion of mosquitoes surviving to adulthood (A) and mosquito per capita rate of increase (B) exposed to different parasite dosages. Host <i>Aedes albopictus</i> fitness declines by two measures as dosage of <i>Ascogregarina taiwanensis</i> increases. Different letters within each plot are significantly different based on Tukey’s HSD. Whiskers are bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals (1000 replicates).</p

The percent of oocysts in the adult mosquito at three parasite dosages.

<p>Male mosquitoes had a smaller proportion of oocysts in the adult until the highest dosage, 10000 oocysts/ml, where male and female mosquitoes had the same percent of oocysts in adults. Different letters correspond to separate Tukey’s HSD tests on the ANCOVA model. Whiskers are bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals (1000 replicates). Mean points are dodged for visibility.</p

Summary of partial ANOVA results for the explanatory variable of parasite dosage and some response variables^**.

<p>Summary of partial ANOVA results for the explanatory variable of parasite dosage and some response variables^{<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0184573#t001fn002" target="_blank">**</a>}.</p

Additional file 6: of From ground pools to treeholes: convergent evolution of habitat and phenotype in Aedes mosquitoes

Figure S4. A comparison of four larval mounts, two from container dwelling mosquitoes, Aedes (Ochlerotatus) triseriatus and Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus and two from ground pool dwelling mosquitoes Aedes (Ochlerotatus) excrucians and Aedes (Aedimorphus) vexans. Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus and Aedes (Aedimorphus) vexans are in Clade A, while Aedes (Ochlerotatus) triseriatus and Aedes (Ochlerotatus) excrucians are in Clade B. (PDF 8.19 mb

Additional file 2: of Evolutionary dynamics of host specialization in wood-decay fungi

The alignment used in maximum likelihood analyses. (FAS 43500 kb

Additional file 3: of Evolutionary dynamics of host specialization in wood-decay fungi

Newick file for the maximum likelihood phylogeny of the decay fungi of this study. (TRE 56.6 kb