Spearman rank correlations between language-range sizes and latitude and language richness.

<p>All correlations in boldface type significant at P<.01; otherwise significant at P<.05; ns, nonsignificant.</p><p>Spearman rank correlations between language-range sizes and latitude and language richness.</p

Global relationships between language range area, language range extent, language richness, and latitude.

<p>(A) Changes in median language-range area (determined with mid-point method with 2 degree bands) at different latitudes (Correlation coefficient (using absolute latitude and Spearman's rank correlation): 0.63) (B) Changes in median range extent (determined with mid-point method and 2-degree lat bands) of language at different latitudes (Correlation coefficient (using absolute latitude and Spearman's rank correlation): 0.69) (C) Latitudinal gradient in language richness (number of languages per 2-degree latitude band) (D) Median language-range area versus log-language richness.</p

Distribution of the world's languages.

<p>Each point represents the center of the range of one language.</p

Language-range area distribution.

<p>(A) Untransformed range areas (note: y-axis is log(frequency)). (B) Log-10 transformed range areas. (C) Deviation from normal following log-10 transformation.</p

Effects of Precipitation Variability on Tea Prices.

<p>Farmers at the study site have experienced an average decrease of 51% in on-farm tea prices received during the Monsoon tea harvests compared to the dry spring tea harvests.</p

Effects of Precipitation Variability on Total Phenolic Concentration and Antioxidant Activity.

<p>Increased precipitation from the spring drought to the monsoon tea harvest resulted in significantly higher total phenolic concentration (TMC) and antioxidant activity of tea leaves. Sampling periods not connected by the same letters are significantly different. Values are means ± one standard error.</p

Historical Precipitation Trends During the Dry Spring and Monsoon Tea Harvests.

<p>Comparison of average rain rate for dry spring (top) and monsoon (bottom) tea harvests during the following periods: a) 1979–1984, b) 1985–1989, c) 1990–1994, d) 1995–1999, e) 2000–2004, f) 2005–2010. The study site is located at the dot in the middle of each map.</p

Effects of Precipitation Variability on Tea Growth.

<p>Increased precipitation from the spring drought to the monsoon tea harvest significantly increased tea leaf weight and length. Sampling periods not connected by the same letters are significantly different. Values are means ± one standard error.</p

Increased Inter-annual Variability and Total Precipitation.

<p>Precipitation data at the study site shows inter-annual variability from 1979 through 2010. The shaded section of the figure represents the period comprising 90% of annual rainfall. In addition to increasing variability since 1990, the monsoon season is arriving earlier as indicated by the downward shift of the trend line.</p

Effects of Precipitation Variability on Tea Polyphenolic Catechins.

<p>Increased precipitation from the spring drought to the monsoon tea harvest resulted in significantly lower concentrations of (a) epicatechin 3-gallate (ECG), (b) epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG), (c) epigallocatechin (EGC), (d) gallic acid (GA), (e) gallocatechin (GC), (f) gallocatechin gallate (GCG) as well as catechin (C) and catechin gallate (CG; not shown). Sampling periods not connected by the same letters are significantly different. Values are means ± one standard error.</p