9 research outputs found
MICs (”g/ml) of AGE for <i>B. cepacia</i> complex.
<p>* <b>We have included all codes to avoid confusion between Edinburgh strain collection numbers, LMG and ATCC codes.</b></p><p>MICs (”g/ml) of AGE for <i>B. cepacia</i> complex.</p
MICs and MBCs (”g/ml) of AAS for <i>B. cepacia</i> complex.
<p>MICs and MBCs (”g/ml) of AAS for <i>B. cepacia</i> complex.</p
HPLC and MS analysis of aqueous allicin standard (AAS) and aqueous garlic extract (AGE).
<p>(A) AAS was analysed using a C18 reverse phase column with UV detection at 240 nm. The standard eluted at 4.1 minutes. AAS had an observed <i>m/z</i> of 185.0067 (consistent with the [M+Na]<sup>+</sup> species; theoretical <i>m/z</i> 185.0065; [C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>10</sub>OS<sub>2</sub>+Na]<sup>+</sup>) (<i>inset</i>). (B) AGE was analysed by the same method as described for AAS. The peak at 4.1 minutes corresponds to the mass of allicin.</p
Chemical structure of allicin and mechanism of formation from alliin by the enzyme alliinase.
<p>Step 1. Alliinase hydrolyses alliin to produce allylsulfenic acid which, in step 2, condenses spontaneously with the loss of water to produce allicin.</p
Exogenous LL-37 enhances pulmonary clearance of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> in cathelicidin-deficient mice.
<p><i>Campâ/â</i> mice were inoculated with 3Ă10<sup>7</sup> cfu of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> PAO1 or PBS and 10 ”g LL-37 peptide or PBS by intranasal delivery. At 6 or 24 hours after inoculation mice were re-weighed and culled, and their lungs were lavaged before homogenisation. BALF and lung homogenates were serially diluted, plated and incubated overnight at 37°C before bacterial colonies were counted and corrected for volume. Mean PAO1 cfu +/â SEM in the lung homogenate (a & c) or BALF (b & d) for infected animals (nâ„6 per condition at 6 hours and nâ„10 per condition at 24 hours) are displayed. No bacteria were detected in samples from uninfected mice. For statistical analyses bacterial counts were normalised by logarithmic transformation. Analyses were conducted using 2 way ANOVA with Bonferroni's post tests; ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001.</p
<i>P. aeruginosa</i>, but not exogenous LL-37, induces pulmonary cytokine responses.
<p>Wild type C57Bl/6 mice were inoculated with 3Ă10<sup>7</sup> cfu of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> PAO1 and 10 ”g LL-37 peptide or PBS by intranasal delivery. At 6 hours (aâe) or 24 hours (bâj) after inoculation, mice were culled and their lungs were lavaged. BALF was centrifuged to remove cells and levels of TNF (a, f), IL-6 (b, g), MIP-2 (c, h), KC (d, i) and MCP-1 (e, j) were determined. Data show Tukey box and whiskers plots for nâ„9 animals per condition. Analyses were conducted using the Mann Whitney test.</p
Exogenous LL-37 promotes an early neutrophil response to <i>P. aeruginosa</i>.
<p>Wild type C57Bl/6 mice were inoculated with 3Ă10<sup>7</sup> cfu of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> PAO1 or PBS and 10 ”g LL-37 peptide or PBS by intranasal delivery. At 6 hours (a, b & e) or 24 hours (c, d & f) after inoculation mice were culled and their lungs were lavaged. BALF was cytocentrifuged and differential counts were conducted for neutrophils (aâd) and monocytes (e & f). Data show Tukey box and whiskers plots for infected (a, c, e & f) (nâ„9 per condition) and uninfected (b & d) animals (nâ„5 per condition). Analyses were conducted using the Mann Whitney test; * p<0.05. ND denotes ânot detectedâ.</p
Cathelicidin-deficient mice display impaired late neutrophil responses to <i>P. aeruginosa</i>.
<p><i>Campâ/â</i> mice and wild type controls were inoculated with 3Ă10<sup>7</sup> cfu of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> PAO1 by intranasal delivery. At 6 hours (a & b) or 24 hours (c & d) after inoculation mice were culled and their lungs were lavaged. BALF was cytocentrifuged and differential counts were conducted for neutrophils (a & c) and monocytes (b & d). Data show Tukey box and whiskers plots for nâ„8 animals per condition. Analyses were conducted using the Mann Whitney test; * p<0.05.</p
<i>P. aeruginosa</i>, but not cathelicidin sufficiency, induces pulmonary cytokine responses.
<p><i>Campâ/â</i> mice and wild type controls were inoculated with 3Ă10<sup>7</sup> cfu of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> PAO1 by intranasal delivery. At 6 hours (aâe) or 24 hours (bâj) after inoculation, mice were culled and their lungs were lavaged. BALF was centrifuged to remove cells and levels of TNF (a, f), IL-6 (b, g), MIP-2 (c, h), KC (d, i) and MCP-1 (e, j) were determined. Data show Tukey box and whiskers plots for nâ„8 animals per condition. Analyses were conducted using the Mann Whitney test.</p