Factors associated with introduction, naturalization, and invasion in Australian Proteaceae species.

<p>A) native range size; B) the number of susceptible and resistant species to <i>Phytophthora</i>; C) use as barrier plants; and D) plant height (m). Different letters indicate groups that differed significantly at <i>p</i><0.05. For barrier plants and susceptibility to <i>Phytophthora</i>, Fisher's exact test for count data was used. Only factors that explained at least 15% of either model are shown.</p

Taxonomic distribution of Proteaceae genera worldwide.

<p>Patterns depict A) introduced, B) naturalized and C) invasive species. Each point represents a genus (to avoid clutter only selected genus names are included) with lines indicating expectations from a hypergeometric distribution (median and 95% confidence intervals). Genera falling between the lines are not significantly over- or underrepresented. Genera above or below the intervals are significantly over- or underrepresented respectively. To assess how invasiveness differs across the genera of Proteaceae.</p

The number of Proteaceae species that are introduced, naturalized or invasive.

<p>Out of the 1674 species in the family at least 402 species have been introduced worldwide. Out of the 402 species, 336 species have not yet naturalized, 58 species are naturalized but not recorded as invasive and 8 species are invasive. In the same manner, out of the 1121 Australian species at least 206 species have been introduced, of which 147 have not yet naturalized, 51 are naturalized but not invasive and 8 are invasive. Numbers of genera in each category are shown in parentheses.</p

Summary of the boosted regression tree models of factors associated with naturalization (a) and invasion (b) in Proteaceae species.

<p>Only traits contributing at least 5% to the models are shown; traits that explained at least 15% of either model are shown in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0075078#pone-0075078-g003" target="_blank">Figure 3</a> and Table S6. Data range includes the minimum and maximum values from the fitted functions and is representative of effect size.</p

Traits used in the analyses for separating introduced vs. naturalized and naturalized vs. invasive Proteaceae species.

<p>The range and median values for continuous variables are shown in parentheses.</p

The high risk shipping routes which may facilitate the introduction of the marine tunicate <i>Styela clava</i> and the mosquito <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i> to South African ports.

<p>The depicted routes are not the actual routes followed by ships.</p

Results of Kruskal-Wallis tests testing for seasonal variation in the relative contribution of shipping routes from foreign ports to the marine and terrestrial establishment debt of the South African ports.

<p>Results of Kruskal-Wallis tests testing for seasonal variation in the relative contribution of shipping routes from foreign ports to the marine and terrestrial establishment debt of the South African ports.</p

The twenty shipping routes from foreign ports, for each season, with the highest relative contribution to the marine and terrestrial establishment debt of Saldanha Bay.

<p>Seasons are based on those of the southern hemisphere: (a) summer, (b) autumn, (c) winter and (d) spring. The depicted routes are not the actual routes followed by ships.</p

The components considered when calculating the relative contribution of the shipping routes to establishment debt, the notation used to refer to each component and, where applicable, the formulae used to calculate the components.

<p>The components considered when calculating the relative contribution of the shipping routes to establishment debt, the notation used to refer to each component and, where applicable, the formulae used to calculate the components.</p

Prioritising surveillance for alien organisms transported as stowaways on ships travelling to South Africa - Fig 2

<p>For each South African port, the twenty shipping routes from foreign ports with the highest relative contribution to marine and terrestrial establishment debt: (a) Richards Bay, (b) Durban, (c) Port Elizabeth, (d) Cape Town and (e) Saldanha Bay. The depicted routes are not the actual routes followed by ships.</p