559 research outputs found
Recent Legal Literature
Judson: A Treatise on the Power of Taxation, State and Federal, in the United States; Black: Law of Judgments; American State Reports, Vols. 86 and 87
Applications of artificial intelligence to mission planning
The scheduling problem facing NASA-Marshall mission planning is extremely difficult for several reasons. The most critical factor is the computational complexity involved in developing a schedule. The size of the search space is large along some dimensions and infinite along others. It is because of this and other difficulties that many of the conventional operation research techniques are not feasible or inadequate to solve the problems by themselves. Therefore, the purpose is to examine various artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to assist conventional techniques or to replace them. The specific tasks performed were as follows: (1) to identify mission planning applications for object oriented and rule based programming; (2) to investigate interfacing AI dedicated hardware (Lisp machines) to VAX hardware; (3) to demonstrate how Lisp may be called from within FORTRAN programs; (4) to investigate and report on programming techniques used in some commercial AI shells, such as Knowledge Engineering Environment (KEE); and (5) to study and report on algorithmic methods to reduce complexity as related to AI techniques
Interference, reduced action, and trajectories
Instead of investigating the interference between two stationary, rectilinear
wave functions in a trajectory representation by examining the two rectilinear
wave functions individually, we examine a dichromatic wave function that is
synthesized from the two interfering wave functions. The physics of
interference is contained in the reduced action for the dichromatic wave
function. As this reduced action is a generator of the motion for the
dichromatic wave function, it determines the dichromatic wave function's
trajectory. The quantum effective mass renders insight into the behavior of the
trajectory. The trajectory in turn renders insight into quantum nonlocality.Comment: 12 pages text, 5 figures. Typos corrected. Author's final submission.
A companion paper to "Welcher Weg? A trajectory representation of a quantum
Young's diffraction experiment", quant-ph/0605121. Keywords: interference,
nonlocality, trajectory representation, entanglement, dwell time, determinis
Oil and Gas Title Examination - A Review of the Materials and Records that Must be Examined in Order to Render Oil and Gas Lease Title Opinions
Fertility intentions and use of contraception among monogamous couples in northern Malawi in the context of HIV testing: a cross-sectional analysis.
CONTEXT: Knowledge of HIV status may influence fertility desires of married men and women. There is little knowledge about the importance of this influence among monogamously married couples and how knowledge of HIV status influences use of contraception among these couples. METHODOLOGY: We carried out a cross-sectional analysis of interview data collected between October 2008 and September 2009 on men aged 15-59 years and women aged 15-49 years who formed 1766 monogamously married couples within the Karonga Prevention Study demographic surveillance study in northern Malawi. RESULTS: 5% of men and 4% of women knew that they were HIV positive at the time of interview and 81% of men and 89% of women knew that they were HIV negative. 73% of men and 83% of women who knew that they were HIV positive stated that they did not want more children, compared to 35% of men and 38% of women who knew they were HIV negative. Concordant HIV positive couples were more likely than concordant negative couples to desire to stop child bearing (odds ratio 11.5, 95%CI 4.3-30.7, after adjusting for other factors) but only slightly more likely to use contraceptives (adjusted odds ratio 1.5 (95%CI 0.8-3.3). CONCLUSION: Knowledge of HIV positive status is associated with an increase in the reported desire to cease childbearing but there was limited evidence that this desire led to higher use of contraception. More efforts directed towards assisting HIV positive couples to access and use reproductive health services and limit HIV transmission among couples are recommended
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Implant compositions for the unidirectional delivery of therapeutic compounds to the brain
The present invention provides, in some aspects, bilayered and trilayered pharmaceutical implant compositions for the unidirectional delivery of anti-cancer compounds to the brain over a period of time (e.g., several weeks, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 days, or 1, 2, 3, weeks, or any range derivable therein) following the removal of glioblastoma multiforme or other malignant tumors in the brain.Board of Regents, University of Texas Syste
Bell Inequality Experiment for a High Brightness Time-Energy Entangled Source
A periodically poled MgO - doped LiNbO3 (MgO:LN) non-degenerate photon pair source is utilized for spontaneous parametric down-conversion of 532-nanometer photons into time-energy entangled pairs of 800- and 1600-nanometer photons. The entangled photons are separated using previously detailed sorting optics, such that each wavelength is independently directed through one of two modified Mach-Zehnder interferometers - also known as a Franson interferometer - after which they are fiber-optically guided to high-efficiency photon detectors. Output from the detectors is sent to a high resolution time tagger, where coincidences between the entangled photons are recorded. By varying the length of the long path in one Mach-Zehnder interferometer, it is possible to observe high visibility sinusoidal fringes in the measured coincidence rates (while no variation is seen in single photon detection rates). These fringes - due to interference between the photon probability amplitudes - are indicative of a violation of the Bell inequality, and confirm inconsistencies with local hidden variable theory for the correlations of the time-energy entangled photon pairs
Bell Inequality Experiment for a High Brightness Time-Energy Entangled Source
A periodically poled MgO doped LiNbO3 (MgO:LN) non-degenerate photon pair source is utilized for spontaneous parametric down-conversion of 532 nm photons into time-energy entangled pairs of 800 and 1600 nm photons. The entangled photons are separated using previously detailed sorting optics, such that each wavelength is independently directed through one of two modified Mach-Zehnder interferometers also known as a Franson interferometer after which they are fiber-optically guided to high-efficiency photon detectors. Output from the detectors is sent to a high resolution time tagger, where coincidences between the entangled photons are recorded. By varying the length of the long path in one Mach-Zehnder interferometer, it is possible to observe high visibility sinusoidal fringes in the measured coincidence rates (while no variation is seen in single photon detection rates). These fringes due to interference between the photon probability amplitudes are indicative of a violation of the Bell inequality, and confirm inconsistencies with local hidden variable theory for the correlations of the time-energy entangled photon pairs
Evidence for Intergalactic Absorption in the TeV Gamma-Ray Spectrum of Mkn 501
The recent HEGRA observations of the blazar Mkn 501 show strong curvature in
the very high energy gamma-ray spectrum. Applying the gamma-ray opacity derived
from an empirically based model of the intergalactic infrared background
radiation field (IIRF), to these observations, we find that the intrinsic
spectrum of this source is consistent with a power-law: dN/dE~ E^-alpha with
alpha=2.00 +/- 0.03 over the range 500 GeV - 20 TeV. Within current synchrotron
self-Compton scenarios, the fact that the TeV spectral energy distribution of
Mkn 501 does not vary with luminosity, combined with the correlated, spectrally
variable emission in X-rays, as observed by the BeppoSAX and RXTE instruments,
also independently implies that the intrinsic spectrum must be close to
alpha=2. Thus, the observed curvature in the spectrum is most easily understood
as resulting from intergalactic absorption.Comment: 7 pages, 1 figure, accepted in ApJ Letters 1999 April
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