Demographic and clinical variables of active patients registered in the EMR system pre- and post-intervention.

<p>^* patients eligible for ART, based on CD4 or WHO stage, but who have not started ART</p><p>Demographic and clinical variables of active patients registered in the EMR system pre- and post-intervention.</p

Patients eligible but not on ART and patients followed up following a missed clinic appointment pre- and post-intervention.

<p>^* Two-sample test of proportions</p><p>^** patients eligible for ART, based on CD4 count ≤350 cells/μl or WHO clinical stage 3 or 4, but who have not yet started ART</p><p>^*** patients who have missed next appointment date by more than two weeks (as % of patients registered)</p><p>Patients eligible but not on ART and patients followed up following a missed clinic appointment pre- and post-intervention.</p

Use of Mobile Information Technology during Planning, Implementation and Evaluation of a Polio Campaign in South Sudan

<div><p>Background</p><p>Use of mobile information technology may aid collection of real-time, standardised data to inform and improve decision-making for polio programming and response. We utilised Android-based smartphones to collect data electronically from more than 8,000 households during a national round of polio immunisation in South Sudan. The results of the household surveys are presented here, together with discussion of the application of mobile information technology for polio campaign planning, implementation and evaluation in a real-time setting.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Electronic questionnaires were programmed onto Android-based smartphones for mapping, supervision and survey activities during a national round of polio immunisation. National census data were used to determine the sampling frame for each activity and select the payam (district). Individual supervisors, in consultation with the local district health team, selected villages and households within each payam. Data visualisation tools were utilised for analysis and reporting.</p><p>Results</p><p>Implementation of mobile information technology and local management was feasible during a national round of polio immunisation in South Sudan. Red Cross visits during the polio campaign were equitable according to household wealth index and households who received a Red Cross visit had significantly higher odds of being aware of the polio campaign than those who did not. Nearly 95% of children under five were reported to have received polio immunisation (according to maternal recall) during the immunisation round, which varied by state, county and payam. A total of 11 payams surveyed were identified with less than 90% reported immunisation coverage and the least poor households had significantly higher odds of being vaccinated than the most poor. More than 95% of households were aware of the immunisation round and households had significantly higher odds of being vaccinated if they had prior awareness of the campaign taking place.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Pre-campaign community education and household awareness of polio is important to increase campaign participation and subsequent immunisation coverage in South Sudan. More emphasis should be placed on ensuring immunisation is equitable according to geographic area and household socio-economic index in future rounds. We demonstrate the utility of mobile information technology for household mapping, supervision and survey activities during a national round of polio immunisation and encourage future studies to compare the effectiveness of electronic data collection and its application in polio planning and programming.</p></div

Reported polio immunisation coverage (n / N) according to state, county and payam (pre- and post- November 2013 polio campaign).

<p>Reported polio immunisation coverage (n / N) according to state, county and payam (pre- and post- November 2013 polio campaign).</p

Univariable associations of household awareness of polio campaigns with socio-economic index and Red Cross household visit.

<p>Univariable associations of household awareness of polio campaigns with socio-economic index and Red Cross household visit.</p

Univariable associations of reported polio immunisation coverage with household awareness of the campaign, socio-economic index and child age (pre- and post- November 2013 polio campaign).

<p>Univariable associations of reported polio immunisation coverage with household awareness of the campaign, socio-economic index and child age (pre- and post- November 2013 polio campaign).</p

Map of South Sudan with dots representing households mapped during supervision activities*.

<p>* 49.0% of households had GPS co-ordinates recorded.</p

Risk factors for HIV infection among men and women in Lurambi Western Kenya 2008.

<p>Risk factors for HIV infection among men and women in Lurambi Western Kenya 2008.</p

Campaign flow chart.

<p>Campaign flow chart.</p

Distribution of HIV prevalence; Lurambi Division, Kenya 2008.

<p>Distribution of HIV prevalence; Lurambi Division, Kenya 2008.</p