Jubal Early’s Trains: The Battle of Lynchburg in Historical Memory

On June 18, 1901, Charles Minor Blackford, brother of Battle of Lynchburg veteran Eugene Blackford, made a speech commemorating the thirty-five year anniversary of the Lynchburg Campaign. In the Battle of Lynchburg, as a part of the wider Shenandoah Valley campaign of 1864, General Jubal Early and the Confederate force defended the city from General David Hunter and the Union in a two-day engagement, marked mostly by skirmishing. Blackford stated in this speech that, “During the night of the 17th, a yard engine, with box cars attached, was run up and down the Southside Railroad, making as much noise as possible, and thus induced Hunter to believe and to report that Early was being rapidly reinforced.”1 2 While this story of the cunning of Confederate leadership is compelling, it is not referenced at any time before this speech, more than thirty years after the end of the war; additionally, all subsequent published accounts of the battle accept and reproduce Blackford’s story. Furthermore, no first hand accounts, even those of Confederate general and future Lost Cause proponent Jubal Early, make any reference to this ruse. After the Civil War, the history of the Battle of Lynchburg evolved into a myth exemplifying Confederate leadership and the sacrifices of Confederate soldiers through the embellishment, and sometimes fabrication, of the facts of the story in postwar recollections of the battle. The question, then, is why did Southern memories of the Civil War undergo such significant transformations in the years after the war

Development of Permanently Installed Magnetic Eddy Current Sensor for Corrosion Monitoring of Ferromagnetic Pipelines

Permanently installed sensors are a cost-effective solution for corrosion monitoring due to their advantages, such as less human interference and continuous data acquisition. Some of the most widely used permanently installed corrosion sensors are ultrasonic thickness (UT) gauges. However, UT sensors are limited by the need for coupling agents between pipe surfaces and sensors. The magnetic eddy current (MEC) method, on the other hand, does not require couplant and can be used over insulations. With the development of powerful rare earth magnets, MEC sensors with low power consumption are possible, and there is the prospect of using them as permanently installed sensors. A novel wireless magnetic eddy current sensor has been designed and optimized using finite element simulation. Sensitivity studies of the sensors reveal that the excitation frequency is a critical parameter for the detection of corrosion defects. An in-depth explanation of the relationship between the sensitivity of the sensor and the excitation frequency is presented in this paper. The results of an accelerated corrosion test, conducted to simulate the service environment of the sensor, are also discussed. It was observed that the sensor signals are very sensitive to corrosion defects and show no subtle differences due to temperature and humidity changes

The T-type calcium channel antagonist Z944 rescues impairments in crossmodal and visual recognition memory in Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg

Peer Reviewe

The T-type calcium channel antagonist Z944 disrupts prepulse inhibition in both epileptic and non-epileptic rats

Peer Reviewe

The T-type calcium channel antagonist, Z944, alters social behavior in Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg

Peer Reviewe

Arabidopsis \u3ci\u3eGLABROUS1\u3c/i\u3e Gene Requires Downstream Sequences for Function

The Arabidopsis GLABROUSl (GL1) gene is a myb gene homolog required for the initiation of trichome development. In situ hybridiration revealed that the highest levels of GL1 transcripts were present in developing trichomes. In contrast, previous work had shown that putative promoter sequences from the 5‘ noncoding region of the GL1 gene directed the expression of a β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene only in stipules. Deletion analysis of the 3’ noncoding region of GL1 has identified an enhancer that is essential for GL1 function. Sequences fmm the region containing the enhancer, in conjunction with GL1 upstream sequences, direct the expression of a GUS reporter gene in leaf primordia and developing trichomes in addition to stipules, indicating that the downstream enhancer is required for the normal expression pattern of GL1

Sociability impairments in Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg: Reversal by the T-type calcium channel antagonist Z944

Peer Reviewe

The Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg model of absence epilepsy exhibits alterations in fear conditioning and latent inhibition consistent with psychiatric comorbidities in humans

Peer Reviewe

Investigating Perceptual Congruence Between Data and Display Dimensions in Sonification

The relationships between sounds and their perceived meaning and connotations are complex, making auditory perception an important factor to consider when designing sonification systems. Listeners often have a mental model of how a data variable should sound during sonification and this model is not considered in most data:sound mappings. This can lead to mappings that are difficult to use and can cause confusion. To investigate this issue, we conducted a magnitude estimation experiment to map how roughness, noise and pitch relate to the perceived magnitude of stress, error and danger. These parameters were chosen due to previous findings which suggest perceptual congruency between these auditory sensations and conceptual variables. Results from this experiment show that polarity and scaling preference are dependent on the data:sound mapping. This work provides polarity and scaling values that may be directly utilised by sonification designers to improve auditory displays in areas such as accessible and mobile computing, process-monitoring and biofeedback

Le roman d'entreprise: breaking the silence

This article looks at three recent French novels novels in order to explore key themes in what has become known as the roman d’entreprise: Pierre Mari’s Résolution (2005), Nathalie Kuperman’s Nous étions des êtres vivants (2010) and Thierry Beinstingel’s Retour aux mots sauvages (2010). The figure of the entreprise functions both as a fictional representation of the post-Fordist workplace environment in companies such as France Télécom, and also as a means of tackling wider issues of work and social organisation in an era of neoliberal managerialism. The concepts of capitalist realism, organisational miasma and virtuality are used to analyse the ways in which the three novels convey the distinctive affective landscape of the contemporary entreprise. Fiction is used to consider the prolix and self-referential nature of the managerialist entreprise, which enables it to exert a significant influence on the individual and collective subjectivities of employees. The three novels focus on the capacity of the entreprise to capture language and impose an affect of silence on employees