Higher polymerase activity of a human influenza virus enhances activation of the hemagglutinin-induced Raf/MEK/ERK signal cascade-7

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Higher polymerase activity of a human influenza virus enhances activation of the hemagglutinin-induced Raf/MEK/ERK signal cascade"</p><p>http://www.virologyj.com/content/4/1/134</p><p>Virology Journal 2007;4():134-134.</p><p>Published online 5 Dec 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2222635.</p><p></p>bs (green). The nuclei were counterstained with TO-PRO-3 (blue). The HA surface expression was analyzed at indicated time points by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The merger of both channels is shown

Higher polymerase activity of a human influenza virus enhances activation of the hemagglutinin-induced Raf/MEK/ERK signal cascade-1

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Higher polymerase activity of a human influenza virus enhances activation of the hemagglutinin-induced Raf/MEK/ERK signal cascade"</p><p>http://www.virologyj.com/content/4/1/134</p><p>Virology Journal 2007;4():134-134.</p><p>Published online 5 Dec 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2222635.</p><p></p>specific for the phosphorylated kinase (P-ERK). Subsequently, loading was controlled with a mAb against ERK2. Respective bands of three independent experiments were quantified, and relative ERK activation was calculated and normalized to the loading control (mock-infected, white bar). Virus types and the time of analysis post infection (p.i.) are indicated. (B) MDCK cells were infected with either virus at m.o.i. = 1, and the supernatant was harvested at 9 h p.i. to determine the virus titers. The mean virus titers are given as plaque forming units/ml. The error bars were derived from three independent experiments

Higher polymerase activity of a human influenza virus enhances activation of the hemagglutinin-induced Raf/MEK/ERK signal cascade-8

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Higher polymerase activity of a human influenza virus enhances activation of the hemagglutinin-induced Raf/MEK/ERK signal cascade"</p><p>http://www.virologyj.com/content/4/1/134</p><p>Virology Journal 2007;4():134-134.</p><p>Published online 5 Dec 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2222635.</p><p></p>sfected with plasmids containing PB2, PB1, PA, and NP genes from either H1N1 (A) or H3N2 (B) plus a luciferase reporter plasmid. Plasmids that did not contain PB1 were used as negative controls (white bars). After 24 h, luciferase activity was assayed in cell extracts. Results presented represent the means ± SE from three independent transfections

Higher polymerase activity of a human influenza virus enhances activation of the hemagglutinin-induced Raf/MEK/ERK signal cascade-5

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Higher polymerase activity of a human influenza virus enhances activation of the hemagglutinin-induced Raf/MEK/ERK signal cascade"</p><p>http://www.virologyj.com/content/4/1/134</p><p>Virology Journal 2007;4():134-134.</p><p>Published online 5 Dec 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2222635.</p><p></p> Abs (green). The nucleus was counterstained with TO-PRO-3 (blue). Intracellular RNP localization was analyzed at indicated time points p.i. by multiphoton laser scanning microscopy. The merger of both channels is shown

Higher polymerase activity of a human influenza virus enhances activation of the hemagglutinin-induced Raf/MEK/ERK signal cascade-0

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Higher polymerase activity of a human influenza virus enhances activation of the hemagglutinin-induced Raf/MEK/ERK signal cascade"</p><p>http://www.virologyj.com/content/4/1/134</p><p>Virology Journal 2007;4():134-134.</p><p>Published online 5 Dec 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2222635.</p><p></p>on virus titers at the indicated time points after infection. The mean virus titers are given as logplaque forming units/ml. The error bars were derived from three independent experiments. (B) Plaque formation after virus titration on MDCK cells. The virus-containing supernatant from cells infected at m.o.i. = 1 was harvested 9 h after infection. (C) MDCK cells were infected with either virus at m.o.i. = 1. The percentage of NP-expressing cells was measured by flow cytometry (FACS) using anti-NP mAb. The error bars were derived from three independent experiments

Higher polymerase activity of a human influenza virus enhances activation of the hemagglutinin-induced Raf/MEK/ERK signal cascade-11

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Higher polymerase activity of a human influenza virus enhances activation of the hemagglutinin-induced Raf/MEK/ERK signal cascade"</p><p>http://www.virologyj.com/content/4/1/134</p><p>Virology Journal 2007;4():134-134.</p><p>Published online 5 Dec 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2222635.</p><p></p>n virus titers at the indicated time points after infection. The mean virus titers are given as logplaque forming units/ml. The error bars were derived from three independent experiments. (B) Plaque formation after virus titration on MDCK cells. The virus-containing supernatant from cells infected at m.o.i. = 1 was harvested 9 h after infection. (C) MDCK cells were infected with either virus at m.o.i. = 1. The percentage of NP-expressing cells was measured by flow cytometry (FACS) using anti-NP mAb. The error bars were derived from three independent experiments

Higher polymerase activity of a human influenza virus enhances activation of the hemagglutinin-induced Raf/MEK/ERK signal cascade-9

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Higher polymerase activity of a human influenza virus enhances activation of the hemagglutinin-induced Raf/MEK/ERK signal cascade"</p><p>http://www.virologyj.com/content/4/1/134</p><p>Virology Journal 2007;4():134-134.</p><p>Published online 5 Dec 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2222635.</p><p></p>lot analysis, ERK activation was analyzed with a P-ERK-specific mAb. Subsequently, loading was controlled with an anti-ERK2 mAb. Respective bands of three independent experiments were quantified, and relative ERK activation was calculated and normalized to the loading control (mock, white bar). Virus types and the time of analysis post infection (p.i.) are indicated. (B) MDCK cells were infected at m.o.i. = 1 with rgH1N1, rgH3N2, or rgH1N1(H3N2-PB1). RNPs were stained with anti-NP mAb and Alexa488-coupled goat anti-mouse Abs (green). The nucleus was counterstained with TO-PRO-3 (blue). Intracellular RNP localization was analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy at 6 h p.i. The merger of both channels is shown

Higher polymerase activity of a human influenza virus enhances activation of the hemagglutinin-induced Raf/MEK/ERK signal cascade-3

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Higher polymerase activity of a human influenza virus enhances activation of the hemagglutinin-induced Raf/MEK/ERK signal cascade"</p><p>http://www.virologyj.com/content/4/1/134</p><p>Virology Journal 2007;4():134-134.</p><p>Published online 5 Dec 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2222635.</p><p></p>ion was analyzed with a mAb specific for phosphorylated ERK (P-ERK). Subsequently, loading was controlled with a mAb against ERK2. Respective bands of three independent experiments were quantified, and relative ERK activation was calculated and normalized to the loading control (mock-infected, white bar). Virus types as well as the time of analysis post-infection (p.i.) are indicated. (B) MDCK cells were infected at m.o.i. = 1 either with H1N1 ± TPA or with H3N2 ± U0126, and the supernatant was harvested 9 h later. The mean virus titers are given in percent as well as plaque forming units/ml. The error bars were derived from three independent experiments

Higher polymerase activity of a human influenza virus enhances activation of the hemagglutinin-induced Raf/MEK/ERK signal cascade-10

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Higher polymerase activity of a human influenza virus enhances activation of the hemagglutinin-induced Raf/MEK/ERK signal cascade"</p><p>http://www.virologyj.com/content/4/1/134</p><p>Virology Journal 2007;4():134-134.</p><p>Published online 5 Dec 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2222635.</p><p></p>mean virus titers are given in percent as well as plaque forming units/ml. The error bars were derived from three independent experiments

Higher polymerase activity of a human influenza virus enhances activation of the hemagglutinin-induced Raf/MEK/ERK signal cascade-4

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Higher polymerase activity of a human influenza virus enhances activation of the hemagglutinin-induced Raf/MEK/ERK signal cascade"</p><p>http://www.virologyj.com/content/4/1/134</p><p>Virology Journal 2007;4():134-134.</p><p>Published online 5 Dec 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2222635.</p><p></p>bs (green). The nucleus was counterstained with TO-PRO-3 (blue). Intracellular RNP localization was analyzed at indicated time points p.i. by multiphoton laser scanning microscopy. The merger of both channels is shown