3,079 research outputs found
Computational-level Analysis of Constraint Compliance for General Intelligence
Human behavior is conditioned by codes and norms that constrain action.
Rules, ``manners,'' laws, and moral imperatives are examples of classes of
constraints that govern human behavior. These systems of constraints are
``messy:'' individual constraints are often poorly defined, what constraints
are relevant in a particular situation may be unknown or ambiguous, constraints
interact and conflict with one another, and determining how to act within the
bounds of the relevant constraints may be a significant challenge, especially
when rapid decisions are needed. Despite such messiness, humans incorporate
constraints in their decisions robustly and rapidly. General,
artificially-intelligent agents must also be able to navigate the messiness of
systems of real-world constraints in order to behave predictability and
reliably. In this paper, we characterize sources of complexity in constraint
processing for general agents and describe a computational-level analysis for
such \textit{constraint compliance}. We identify key algorithmic requirements
based on the computational-level analysis and outline an initial, exploratory
implementation of a general approach to constraint compliance.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures. Accepted for presentation at AGI 2023 (revised
in response to reviewer suggestions
Improving Language Model Prompting in Support of Semi-autonomous Task Learning
Language models (LLMs) offer potential as a source of knowledge for agents
that need to acquire new task competencies within a performance environment. We
describe efforts toward a novel agent capability that can construct cues (or
"prompts") that result in useful LLM responses for an agent learning a new
task. Importantly, responses must not only be "reasonable" (a measure used
commonly in research on knowledge extraction from LLMs) but also specific to
the agent's task context and in a form that the agent can interpret given its
native language capacities. We summarize a series of empirical investigations
of prompting strategies and evaluate responses against the goals of targeted
and actionable responses for task learning. Our results demonstrate that
actionable task knowledge can be obtained from LLMs in support of online agent
task learning.Comment: Submitted to ACS 202
Learning in Tele-autonomous Systems using Soar
Robo-Soar is a high-level robot arm control system implemented in Soar. Robo-Soar learns to perform simple block manipulation tasks using advice from a human. Following learning, the system is able to perform similar tasks without external guidance. Robo-Soar corrects its knowledge by accepting advice about relevance of features in its domain, using a unique integration of analytic and empirical learning techniques
Robo-Soar: An Integration of External Interaction, Planning, and Learning using Soar
This chapter reports progress in extending the Soar architecture to tasks that involve interaction with external environments. The tasks are performed using a Puma arm and a camera in a system called Robo-Soar. The tasks require the integration of a variety of capabilities
including problem solving with incomplete knowledge, reactivity, planning, guidance from external advice, and learning to improve the efficiency and correctness of problem solving. All of these capabilities are achieved without the addition of special purpose modules or subsystems to Soar
On Unified Theories of Cognition: a response to the reviews
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/30999/1/0000674.pd
Knowledge-directed Adaptation in Multi-level Agents
Most work on adaptive agents have a simple, single layerarchitecture. However, most agent architectures support three levels ofknowledge and control: a reflex level for reactive responses, a deliberatelevel for goal-driven behavior, and a reflective layer for deliberateplanning and problem decomposition. In this paper we explore agentsimplemented in Soar that behave and learn at the deliberate and reflectivelevels. These levels enhance not only behavior, but also adaptation. Theagents use a combination of analytic and empirical learning, drawing from avariety of sources of knowledge to adapt to their environment. We hypothesize that complete, adaptive agents must be able to learn across all three levels.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/46502/1/10844_2004_Article_146932.pd
A preliminary analysis of the Soar architecture as a basis for general intelligence
In this article we take a step towards providing an analysis of the Soar architecture as a basis for general intelligence. Included are discussions of the basic assumptions underlying the development of Soar, a description of Soar cast in terms of the theoretical idea of multiple levels of description, an example of Soar performing multi-column subtraction, and three analyses of Soar: its natural tasks, the sources of its power, and its scope and limitsPeer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/29595/1/0000684.pd
Ozone Depletion from Nearby Supernovae
Estimates made in the 1970's indicated that a supernova occurring within tens
of parsecs of Earth could have significant effects on the ozone layer. Since
that time, improved tools for detailed modeling of atmospheric chemistry have
been developed to calculate ozone depletion, and advances have been made in
theoretical modeling of supernovae and of the resultant gamma-ray spectra. In
addition, one now has better knowledge of the occurrence rate of supernovae in
the galaxy, and of the spatial distribution of progenitors to core-collapse
supernovae. We report here the results of two-dimensional atmospheric model
calculations that take as input the spectral energy distribution of a
supernova, adopting various distances from Earth and various latitude impact
angles. In separate simulations we calculate the ozone depletion due to both
gamma-rays and cosmic rays. We find that for the combined ozone depletion
roughly to double the ``biologically active'' UV flux received at the surface
of the Earth, the supernova must occur at <8 pc. Based on the latest data, the
time-averaged galactic rate of core-collapse supernovae occurring within 8 pc
is ~1.5/Gyr. In comparing our calculated ozone depletions with those of
previous studies, we find them to be significantly less severe than found by
Ruderman (1974), and consistent with Whitten et al. (1976). In summary, given
the amplitude of the effect, the rate of nearby supernovae, and the ~Gyr time
scale for multicellular organisms on Earth, this particular pathway for mass
extinctions may be less important than previously thought.Comment: 24 pages, 4 Postscript figures, to appear in The Astrophysical
Journal, 2003 March 10, vol. 58
- …