Sample characteristics by dietary iron intake as assessed by food frequency questionnaire at 32 weeks gestation (n = 2958 for all, except where cord ferritin data is used: n = 795).

<p>Sample characteristics by dietary iron intake as assessed by food frequency questionnaire at 32 weeks gestation (n = 2958 for all, except where cord ferritin data is used: n = 795).</p

Multivariable linear regression estimates from stratified analyses for associations between maternal iron intake and hemoglobin in pregnancy with offspring vascular indicators and body mass index with testing for effect modification by maternal vitamin C intake during pregnancy and child sex (n = 2958).

<p>Multivariable linear regression estimates from stratified analyses for associations between maternal iron intake and hemoglobin in pregnancy with offspring vascular indicators and body mass index with testing for effect modification by maternal vitamin C intake during pregnancy and child sex (n = 2958).</p

Multivariable linear regression for associations between maternal iron intake and hemoglobin in pregnancy with offspring vascular indicators and body mass index using multiple imputation dataset based on the sample with dietary iron intake data (n = 12116).

<p>Multivariable linear regression for associations between maternal iron intake and hemoglobin in pregnancy with offspring vascular indicators and body mass index using multiple imputation dataset based on the sample with dietary iron intake data (n = 12116).</p

Linear regression estimates for associations between maternal iron intake and hemoglobin in pregnancy with offspring vascular indicators and body mass index (n = 2958 for all, except where cord ferritin data is used: n = 795).

<p>Linear regression estimates for associations between maternal iron intake and hemoglobin in pregnancy with offspring vascular indicators and body mass index (n = 2958 for all, except where cord ferritin data is used: n = 795).</p

Bland Altman plot comparing the composite measure of intima thickness and medial thickness (IT + MT) by ultra-high-frequency ultrasound with conventional cIMT.

<p>Bland Altman plot comparing the composite measure of intima thickness and medial thickness (IT + MT) by ultra-high-frequency ultrasound with conventional cIMT.</p

Ultra-high-frequency ultrasound measurements of intima thickness (IT), medial thickness (MT) and the composite measure of IMT in carotid (Fig 2A) and dorsal pedal (Fig 2B) arteries in healthy controls and children with CKD4-5 and on dialysis (CKD4-5D) and transplanted patients.

<p>CCA–common carotid artery.</p

Changes in ultra-high-frequency ultrasound measures at one year follow-up.

<p><b>(Fig 4A</b>—Comparison of baseline and 1-year follow-up measures of common carotid artery (CCA) medial thickness (MT) in transplanted children, <b>Fig 4B</b>—Comparison of baseline and 1-year follow-up measures of dorsal pedal artery intimal thickness (IT) in transplanted children).</p

Correlation of ultra-high-frequency ultrasound measures with biochemical markers.

<p><b>(Fig 3A–</b>Association of serum phosphate with common carotid artery (CCA) medial thickness (MT), <b>Fig 3B–</b>Association of serum parathyroid hormone level (log transformed) with CCA MT, <b>Fig 3C–</b>Association of mean arterial pressure standard deviation score (SDS) with CCA MT, <b>Fig 3D–</b>Association of diastolic BP SDS with dorsal pedal artery MT).</p

Ultra-high-frequency ultrasound images of carotid and dorsal pedal arteries, and comparison with images obtained by conventional ultrasound.

<p><b>Fig 1A</b>—Carotid artery scanned with 12 MHz (left) and 55 MHz (right) ultrasound. Outtake shows magnification of intima-media complex from 55 MHz image with outline of intima and media thickness. <b>Fig 1B</b>—Dorsal pedal artery of control child (left) and child on hemodialysis (right) scanned with 70 MHz probe).</p

Mean difference (95% CI) in each cardiac measure for selected life course socioeconomic position model, individually adjusted for potential mediators (not cumulatively).

<p>Mean difference (95% CI) in each cardiac measure for selected life course socioeconomic position model, individually adjusted for potential mediators (not cumulatively).</p