Parameter estimates for the best model in the set of candidate models (presented in Table 3).

<p>Parameters are presented on the link-scale (log-link in the negative binomial model; logit-link in the zero-inflation model).</p>*<p>log(<i>theta)</i> parameter of the negative binomial model estimated at 1.498 (se = 0.490).</p

Prey found at clusters from Eurasian lynx (<i>Lynx lynx</i>) in south-eastern Norway during summer, 1995–2011, grouped by study area (see text for explanation).

<p>Percentages are based on frequency of occurrence.</p>a<p>Calves.</p>b<p>Lemming (<i>Lemmus lemmus</i>), Brown rat (<i>Rattus norvegicus</i>), 3 red squirrels (<i>Sciurus vulgaris</i>), and 1 Eurasian beaver (<i>Castor fiber</i>).</p>c<p>3 Wood Pigeon (<i>Columba palumbus</i>), 1 Meadow Pipit (<i>Anthus pratensis</i>), 6 unknown birds.</p>d<p>2 moose carcasses, 1 roe deer carcass.</p

Average number of sheep killed per 30 days, estimated lamb and roe deer densities, in four study areas in southern Norway during summer, 1995–2011.

<p>Standard deviations in brackets.</p

Map of the study area, showing the 4 areas of data collection of lynx (<i>Lynx lynx</i>) predation on sheep from 1995 to 2011.

<p>The shaded areas indicate the four study areas, Region 5 (Hedmark County 1995–1999), Region 4 (Oslo, Akershus, Østfold Counties 2001–2006), Region 2 north (Buskerud, Telemark, and Oppland Counties 2006–2011), and Region 2 south (Buskerud, Telemark, and Vestfold Counties 2006–2011). For each of the 4 study areas the estimated roe deer and lamb densities are indicated as number of lambs or roe deer per square kilometre.</p

Predicted kill rates (i.e. number of sheep killed in 30 days) under different roe deer densities for male (solid black lines) and female (dashed red lines) lynx.

<p>Upper lines for each sex are predicted kill rates under high sheep density (95% percentile of observed lamb densities: 6.6 lamb km⁻²) and lower lines are predictions for low sheep density (5% percentile of observed lamb densities: 0.1 lamb km⁻²). Scatter plot inset in right corner represents the raw data.</p

AICc values for all evaluated models, together with ΔAIC values.

<p>The models are presented in the format of the R-language, so that x₁+x₂|x₃+x₄ is read so that the first part represents the negative binomial part of the model (x₁+x₂;”count process”) whereas the latter part is the referring to the zero-inflated part of the model (x₃+x₄ ;excess zeros). [lam = lamb density, sex = lynx sex, roe = roe deer density index].</p

Study area.

<p>Location and extent of three areas (A, B, and C) in southeastern Norway where we studied spatiotemporal patterns of sarcoptic mange in red foxes with camera traps. Gray squares are sampled 10 km² cells. Dashed lines are minimum convex polygons around camera locations in each of the study areas.</p

Spatiotemporal clusters of red foxes potentially infected with sarcoptic mange detected by the scan analyses.

<p>Spatiotemporal clusters of red foxes potentially infected with sarcoptic mange detected by the scan analyses.</p