Educational Trend in New Mexico Public Schools from 1899-1900 to 1929-1930 Inclusive, as Measured By Pupil Attendance and Length of School Term

The purpose of this study is to determine the educational trend from 1899-1900 to 1929-1930 inclusive, using pupil attendance and length of school term. The following four questions are investigated. 1. What change in average daily attendance in the public schools of New Mexico has occurred during the period 1899-1900 t 1929-1930 inclusive? How does the percentage change in average daily attendance in New Mexico compare with the percentage change in average daily attendance in the United States as a whole, in the other states, and particularly in the states of the Rocky Mountain area? 2. Did average daily attendance for each one hundred enrolled in the schools of New Mexico increase or decrease between 1899-1900 and 1929-1930 inclusive? Does the percentage change in the schools of New Mexico compare favorably with the percentage change in the United States as a whole and in the other states, particularly in the states of the Rocky Mountain region? 3. What changes occurred in the length of the school term in New Mexico between 1899-1900 and 1929-1930 inclusive? How does the percentage change in the length of the school term in New Mexico compare with the percentage change in the United States as a whole and in the other states, particularly in the states of the Rocky Mountain area? 4. Did the number of days each child attended school in New Mexico increase between 1899-1900 and 1929-1930 inclusive? How does the percentage change compare with the percentage change in the United States as a whole and in the other states, particularly in the states of the Rocky Mountain area

Australian perceptions of the Orient 1880-1910

Abstract not supplied. Keywords taken from contents page

Who Does R&D and Who Patents?

This paper describes the construction of a large panel data set covering about 2600 firms in the U.S. manufacturing sector for up to twenty years which contains annual data on financial variables, employment, research and development expenditures, and aggregate patent applications. This data set is to be used in a larger study of R&D, inventive output and technological change. In the present paper we present preliminary results on the R&D and patenting behavior of the 1976 cross section of these firms. We find an elasticity of R&D with respect to sales of close to unity, with both very small and very large firms being slightly more R&D intensive than average. Because only 60% of the firms report R&D expenditures, we attempt to correct for selectivity bias and find that though the correction is small, it increases the estimated complementarity between capital intensity and R&D intensity. In exploring the relationship of the patenting activity of these firms to their contemporaneous R&D expenditures, we look with some care at the choice of econometric specifications since the discrete nature of the patents variable for our smaller firms may cause difficulties with the conventional log linear model. The choice of specification does indeed make a difference, and the negative binomial model, which is a Poisson-type model with a disturbance, is preferred. Substantively, we find a much larger output of patents per R&D dollar for the small firms, with a decreasing propensity to patent with size of R&D programs throughout the sample. However, this conclusion is highly tentative both because of its sensitivity to specification and choice of sample and also because we expect that errors in variables bias due to our focus on R&D and patent applications in a single year is far worse for the small firms.

Optimal Capital Utilization by Financial Firms: Evidence from the Property-Liability Insurance Industry

Capitalization levels in the property-liability insurance industry have increased dramatically in recent years—the capital-to-assets ratio rose from 25% in 1989 to 35% by 1999. This paper investigates the use of capital by insurers to provide evidence on whether the capital increase represents a legitimate response to changing market conditions or a true inefficiency that leads to performance penalties for insurers. We estimate “best practice” technical, cost, and revenue frontiers for a sample of insurers over the period 1993–1998, using data envelopment analysis, a non-parametric technique. The results indicate that most insurers significantly over-utilized equity capital during the sample period. Regression analysis provides evidence that capital over-utilization primarily represents an inefficiency for which insurers incur significant revenue penalties