41 research outputs found
The Heat Map of the genes with dynamic changes between 4–8 weeks and 8–12 weeks of age.
<p>The Heat Map of the genes with dynamic changes between 4–8 weeks and 8–12 weeks of age.</p
The Heat Map and the list of genes which were up-regulated at the late stage (12 weeks of age).
<p>There were a total of 1583 genes in the list.</p
Temporal Profile of the Renal Transcriptome of HIV-1 Transgenic Mice during Disease Progression
<div><p>Profiling of temporal changes of gene expression in the same kidney over the course of renal disease progression is challenging because repeat renal biopsies are rarely indicated in clinical practice. Here, we profiled the temporal change in renal transcriptome of HIV-1 transgenic mice (Tg26), an animal model for human HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN), and their littermates at three different time points (4, 8, and 12 weeks of age) representing early, middle, and late stages of renal disease by serial kidney biopsy. We analyzed both static levels of gene expression at three stages of disease and dynamic changes in gene expression between different stages. Analysis of static and dynamic changes in gene expression revealed that up-regulated genes at the early and middle stages are mostly involved in immune response and inflammation, whereas down-regulated genes mostly related to fatty acid and retinoid metabolisms. We validated the expression of a selected panel of genes that are up-regulated at the early stage (CCL2, CCL5, CXCL11, Ubd, Anxa1, and Spon1) by real-time PCR. Among these up-regulated genes, Spon1, which is a previously identified candidate gene for hypertension, was found to be up-regulated in kidney of human with diabetic nephropathy. Immunostaining of human biopsy samples demonstrated that protein expression of Spon1 was also markedly increased in kidneys of patients with both early and late HIVAN and diabetic nephropathy. Our studies suggest that analysis of both static and dynamic changes of gene expression profiles in disease progression avails another layer of information that could be utilized to gain a more comprehensive understanding of disease progression and identify potential biomarkers and drug targets.</p></div
3D snapshot of PCA analysis of samples distribution based on all the genes: The Tg26 samples were well separated from WT samples.
<p>Moreover, 8</p
Immunostaining of Spon1 in kidney biopsies from patients with nephrectomy (control), early and late HIVAN and DN.
<p>The representative pictures from five individual patients are shown.</p
The Heat Map and the list of genes which were down-regulated transiently at the middle stage (8 weeks of age).
<p>There were a total of 54 genes in the list.</p
The Heat Map and the list of genes which were up-regulated at all three time points (4, 8, 12 weeks of age).
<p>There were a total of 69 genes in the list.</p
Validation of the selected genes from those up-regulated at all three time points by real-time PCR in kidney cortices of these mice.
<p>*P<0.05, compared with WT-4wk; <sup>#</sup>P<0.05, compared with Tg-4wk; n = 3.</p
The Heat Map and the list of genes which were down-regulated at all three time points (4, 8, 12 weeks of age).
<p>There were only 4 genes in the list.</p
The Heat Map and the list of genes which were down-regulated at the late stage (12 weeks of age).
<p>There were a total of 486 genes in the list.</p