B\"uchi VASS recognise w-languages that are Sigma^1_1 - complete

This short note exhibits an example of a Sigma^1_1-complete language that can be recognised by a one blind counter B\"uchi automaton (or equivalently a B\"uchi VASS with only one place)

Exploiting the Protein Corona around Gold Nanorods for Loading and Triggered Release

We form coronas of serum proteins on gold nanorods (NRs) coated with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). These coronas can be exploited for their ability to hold small molecular therapeutics at a capacity much higher (∼5–10×) than what covalent conjugation strategies can achieve. Coronas are loaded with DNA oligonucleotides and Doxorubicin, showing that they can hold species of either negative or positive charge. Payload capacity varies with assembly strategy, ionic strength, and loading concentration. Payload release can be achieved by increasing the temperature or by ultrafast laser excitation of the NRs at their longitudinal surface plasmon resonance. DNA leakage from the corona is minimal within the first 3 days of preparation, although Dox leakage was more significant. The coronas also stabilize the NRs in buffer and biological media. This study demonstrates the biological utility of the protein corona around nanomaterials, contrasting the common view of the corona as an undesirable biological response

Additional file 1: of Progression of diabetes, ischemic heart disease, and chronic kidney disease in a three chronic conditions multistate model

State occupation probabilities and transition hazards: A supplementary description of statistical methods used for estimating state occupation probabilities and transition hazards. Table S1. A summary matrix showing state-to-state transition counts for the chronic disease network. NA indicates transitions that are not applicable for the system. Table S2. Estimated regression coefficients that represent effects of covariates: age, gender, race/ethnicity, CCI and dual eligibility, on the state occupation probability at selected time points along with p-values (in brackets). Table S3. Estimated regression coefficients that represent effects of covariates: age, gender, race/ethnicity, CCI and dual eligibility, on cumulative transition hazards at selected time points along with p-values (in brackets). Figure S1. Marginally estimated cumulative state-to-state transition hazards from state DM to subsequent states. Figure S2. Marginally estimated cumulative state-to-state transition hazards from state IHD to subsequent states along with bootstrap based 95% point-wise confidence bands. Figure S3. Marginally estimated cumulative state-to-state transition hazards from state CKD to subsequent states along with bootstrap based 95% point-wise confidence bands. Figure S4. Marginally estimated cumulative state-to-state transition hazards from state DM+HD to subsequent states along with bootstrap based 95% point-wise confidence bands. Figure S5. Marginally estimated cumulative state-to-state transition hazards from state DM+CKD to subsequent states along with bootstrap based 95% point-wise confidence bands. Figure S6. Marginally estimated cumulative state-to-state transition hazards from state IHD+CKD to subsequent states along with bootstrap based 95% point-wise confidence bands. Figure S7. Marginally estimated state cumulative state-to-state transition hazards form state DM+IHD+CKD to Death state along with bootstrap based 95% point-wise confidence bands. (PDF 406 kb

Haplotype structure of the <i>SLC6A3</i> 3′UTR locus in African-American- and Caucasian- populations.

<p>Graphical representation of the haplotype structure of the 3′-UTR region: African-American population - Panel A, top; Caucasian population - Panel B, top. Color scheme: blue – homozygotes, common allele, yellow – homozygotes, rare allele, red – heterozygotes, and grey – undetermined. Data are retrieved using Genome Variation Server (<a href="http://gvs.gs.washington.edu/GVS" target="_blank">http://gvs.gs.washington.edu/GVS</a>). Bottom of the panels illustrates corresponding haplotype maps: Confidence Bounds Color scheme: Strong evidence of LD – dark grey, uninformative- light grey and white color indicates strong evidence of recombination. More of dark grey in CE (red arrow) is indicative of the presence of LD block which is population-specific, whereas the light grey and the white color are predominant in the haplotype map of AA population (green arrow), indicate high recombination rate.</p

Sample Demographics.

<p>Ethnic group “Others” included 5 Hispanics- and 5 individuals of more than one race.</p

Genotype- and Allele- Frequencies in Sample Populations.

<p><b><u>Abbreviations:</u></b> AA-African-American (N = 33), CE-Caucasians (N = 52), others-(N = 10); MAF-minor allele frequency, HWE- Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.</p><p>Three AA individuals (9%) and one CE (2%) carry rare 3-UTR alleles.</p

Genotype distribution in AA and CE populations.

<p>The height of the bars representing 3′-UTR genotypes (A) and intron8 genotypes (B) corresponds to occurrence of each genotype category (actual number of individuals) in groups comprising African-Americans (AA), Caucasians (CE) and other ethnicity (others).</p

Genotype - DAT measures relationships in populations.

<p><b>Abbreviations</b>: ROI – region of interest; Vent. Str. – ventral striatum; AA- African-Americans, CE- Caucasians,</p><p>Significant values are indicated with *.</p

The DAT binding potential in the human brain.

<p>Brain images of dopamine transporter (DAT) availability obtained using [¹¹C]cocaine at the levels where the striatum (left image) and cerebellum (right image) are located. A rainbow color scale is used to represent DAT availability (red>yellow>green>blue>purple. Images are averaged from brains of 20 healthy participants. Note the high DAT levels in striatum (white arrow) and the minimal levels in cerebellum (red arrow).</p

Relationships between the <i>SLC6A3</i> variations and regional DAT measures.

<p><b>Abbreviations</b>: ROI – region of interest; Ventral Str. – ventral striatum.</p><p>Significance level for overall effect of the genotypes (three-genotypes classification) and haplotypes (four haplotypes classification) was set at <i>p</i><0.05 (ANCOVA); values<0.05 are marked with*.</p