Host control of metastasis in CZ, C3 and [CZ x C3] F1 mice.

<p>Host control of metastasis in CZ, C3 and [CZ x C3] F1 mice.</p

Activation of NFAT and secretion of MMP-2 are critical for invasion by metastatic bone tumor cells.

<p>A) Immunoblot for NFAT c1 in tumor cell lysates. B) Normalized luciferase activity of an NFAT reporter in tumor cells. C) Inhibition of invasion by CZ II tumor cells. Left: cells ± TIMP-2. Middle: cells ± NFAT siRNA. Right: immunoblots on cells ± NFAT siRNA.</p

Metastatic tumor cells invade Matrigel via an MMP-2-mediated pathway.

<p>A) Migration assay was carried out as in <a href="http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000733#ppat-1000733-g002" target="_blank">Figure 2A</a> except the upper surface of the filter was coated with Matrigel. B) Upper – Zymography with gelatin as ‘in gel’ substrate and conditioned media from each of the tumor lines. Lower – Immunoblot for MMP-2 in tumor cell lysates.</p

Primary and metastatic bone tumors from CZ mice.

<p>A) A primary bone tumor (P) on the head of the femur of a CZ mouse. B) H&E stained section of the same tumor showing invasion of adjacent muscle and destruction of bone by invading tumor cells. C) Metastatic nodule (Mx) on the surface of the lung of the same animal. D) H&E stained section of the lung metastasis from the same animal showing osteiod. E) Occult metastatic lesion with osteoid in the lung of a different CZ animal. F) H&E stained section of a liver metastasis showing osteoid in a CZ animal inoculated with osteosarcoma cells.</p

SALL4B-bound proteins include the components of Mi-2/NuRD complex.

<p>Extracts from 293Tcells expressing FLAG-SALL4B or mock vector only were immunoprecipitated with anti-FLAG M2 agarose. SALL4B-bound proteins were fractionated by SDS-PAGE, detected by silver staining and identified by tandem mass spectrometry.</p

Transcriptional repression by tethered SALL4B.

<p>(A) Schematic representation of the GAL4 fusion protein (GAL4–SALL4B) and luciferase reporters (GAL4-tk-Luc). 5×Gal4, five copies of the GAL4-binding site; tk, thymidine kinase core promoter. (B) Constructs expressing SALL4B fused to the C-terminus of GAL4 (1–93) were transfected into 293T cells, along with the reporter GAL-tk-Luc. Luciferase activities were normalized to the internal ß-galactosidase control. Different molar ratios of GAL4-SALL4B and GAL4-tk-Luc were used for transfection.</p

SALL4 associates with Mi-2/NuRD complex and SALL4-interacting protein complex exhibits histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity.

<p>Extracts from SALL4B-expressed 293T cells (A), SALL4B-expressed 293T cells (B), or mouse ES cells, (C) were immunoprecipated with an anti-SALL4 antibody or rabbit IgG control followed by Western blotting with indicated antibodies. The HDAC activity of SALL4-bound protein complex was measured using the fluorimetric assay with or without the TSA (D). Data represent at least two independent experiments. Error bars denote standard deviation (SD).</p

p110β kinase activity positively regulates female and male fertility.

<p><b>A</b>) Weight of organs in 12-week-old mice (n = 4). <b>B</b>) Mice with the indicated genotype were bred for a 6-month period (cages of 2 females with 1 male; > 3 couples) and the average number of litters per month was assessed. Mann-Whitney: **, p<0.01. <b>C</b>) Average size of litters obtained from breeding pairs (2 females with one male for ≥4 months). Unpaired t-test: *, p<0.05; **, p<0.01.</p

Maternal and embryonic p110β kinase activity regulate preimplantation embryogenesis.

<p><b>A</b>) Females of the indicated genotype were crossed with WT males (n = 5 females crossed with 2 different males). The percentage of ovulations which became implanted embryos (left panel) was calculated as follows: [numbers of implanted E13.5 embryos + number of resorptions]/corpus luteum numbers in the ovaries (indicative of the number of ovulated oocytes)] x 100 (right panel). Mann-Whitney: *, p<0.05. <b>B</b>) Females of the indicated genotype were superovulated and mated with a p110β^{<b>D931A/WT</b>} male. Two-cell embryos were recovered from the oviducts and cultured <i>in vitro</i> for 4 days, at which time embryos were scored for development to the morula/blastocyst stage or any earlier developmental stage, and genotyped. Mann-Whitney: *, p<0.05.</p

Steering Group: ORCID Communications

The Communications Steering Group (CSG) (formerly the Outreach Steering Group) was responsible for fostering discussion and collaboration among the ORCID community. The CSG helped to build relationships with stakeholders, created outreach messaging, content, and materials, and oversaw bi-annual Outreach meetings