Ratio of estimated to true heritability on the liability scale for incomplete exposure.

<p>Results are shown for (A) differing observed prevalences or (B) differing virtual prevalences.</p

An example of the proportion of individuals recorded as <i>infectious/diseased</i> relative to those ever <i>infectious/diseased</i> during an SIR epidemic, as a function of recording period.

<p>Two cases are shown, with only I individuals observable or with both I and R observable. In this example, recording is triggered when prevalence reaches 5%. Parameters in this model are: <i>β</i> = 0.00015, <i>γ</i> = 0.1 and <i>R₀</i> = 1.5.</p

Ratio of estimated to true heritability on the liability scale for differing true prevalences.

<p>Results are shown for (A) incomplete sensitivity, where specificity = 1, (B) incomplete specificity, where sensitivity = 1 or (C) for incomplete specificity and sensitivity, where the two parameters equal.</p

Heritabilities for liability to death from infectious pancreatic necrosis in five cohorts of Atlantic salmon, before and after correction for inferred relative exposure levels.

<p>The data are from Guy <i>et al.</i> 2009 <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0008940#pone.0008940-Guy1" target="_blank">[19]</a>. Shown are heritability values and linear regression trend lines.</p

Model for transmission of bacterial or viral infections.

<p>Model for transmission of bacterial or viral infections.</p

Prediction accuracies from GWAS analyses.

<p>Predictions on self reported White-British obtained using independently estimated SNP effects from a GWAS. We plot the accuracies obtained for subsets of SNPs selected based on a particular p-value threshold against this threshold value. Different colours indicate different traits. Dashed lines indicate maximum accuracies obtained when the effects of all SNP were estimated jointly (SNP-BLUP) using DISSECT.</p

Across-population prediction accuracies.

<p>Across-population prediction accuracies.</p

Prediction accuracies on related White-British and self-reported White-British.

<p>Prediction accuracies on related White-British and self-reported White-British.</p

A Comparison of Expected and Observed Variance Components for the Skewed ‘Multiple Alleles’ and ‘Two Alleles’ Architectures When Genetic Variance Is Introduced INTO Infectivity, or Susceptibility, or Both.

<p>Observed components are taken from results of analyses of data with either a conventional model (Eqn 2) or IGE model (Eqn 3), whilst expected components are obtained from the true simulated values and Eqn 5. ‘#’ means not significantly different from zero (P>0.05), values scaled by 10³.</p

Estimated Genetic Variance in Disease Presence (Binary), in Populations with a Skewed Multiple Alleles Genetic Architecture Underlying Susceptibility/Infectivity, Using the Indirect Genetic Effects Model.

<p>Values scaled by10³, ‘#’ means not significantly different from zero (P>0.05). Values along the rows are directly comparable to each other where mean presence is the same. Estimates averaged over ten replicates. Parameters as in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0039551#pone-0039551-t002" target="_blank">Table 2</a>, 10000 groups of size 10. The log-likelihood P-value refers to the significance of the indirect genetic effect.</p