17,538 research outputs found
Simultaneous readout of two charge qubits
We consider a system of two solid state charge qubits, coupled to a single
read-out device, consisting of a single-electron transistor (SET). The
conductance of each tunnel junction is influenced by its neighboring qubit, and
thus the current through the transistor is determined by the qubits' state. The
full counting statistics of the electrons passing the transistor is calculated,
and we discuss qubit dephasing, as well as the quantum efficiency of the
readout. The current measurement is then compared to readout using real-time
detection of the SET island's charge state. For the latter method we show that
the quantum efficiency is always unity. Comparing the two methods a simple
geometrical interpretation of the quantum efficiency of the current measurement
appears. Finally, we note that full quantum efficiency in some cases can be
achieved measuring the average charge of the SET island, in addition to the
average current.Comment: 11 pages with 5 figure
Atomic Processes in Planetary Nebulae and H II Regions
Spectroscopic studies of Planetary Nebulae (PNe) and H {\sc ii} regions have
driven much development in atomic physics. In the last few years the
combination of a generation of powerful observatories, the development of ever
more sophisticated spectral modeling codes, and large efforts on mass
production of high quality atomic data have led to important progress in our
understanding of the atomic spectra of such astronomical objects. In this paper
I review such progress, including evaluations of atomic data by comparisons
with nebular spectra, detection of spectral lines from most iron-peak elements
and n-capture elements, observations of hyperfine emission lines and analysis
of isotopic abundances, fluorescent processes, and new techniques for
diagnosing physical conditions based on recombination spectra. The review is
directed toward atomic physicists and spectroscopists trying to establish the
current status of the atomic data and models and to know the main standing
issues.Comment: 9 pages, 1 figur
Transport in metallic multi-island Coulomb blockade systems: A systematic perturbative expansion in the junction transparency
We study electronic transport through metallic multi-island Coulomb-blockade
systems. Based on a diagrammatic real-time approach, we develop a computer
algorithm that generates and calculates all transport contributions up to
second order in the tunnel-coupling strengths for arbitrary multi-island
systems. This comprises sequential and cotunneling, as well as terms
corresponding to a renormalization of charging energies and tunneling
conductances. Multi-island cotunneling processes with energy transfer between
different island are taken into account. To illustrate our approach we analyze
the current through an island in Coulomb blockade, that is electrostatically
coupled to a second island through which a large current is flowing. In this
regime both cotunneling processes involving one island only as well as
multi-island processes are important. The latter can be understood as
photon-assisted sequential tunneling in the blockaded island, where the photons
are provided by potential fluctuations due to sequential tunneling in the
second island. We compare results of our approach to a P(E)-theory for
photon-assisted tunneling in the weak coupling limit.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures, published version; minor changes in Sec. IV
Cyclotron resonance lineshape in a Wigner crystal
The cyclotron resonance absorption spectrum in a Wigner crystal is
calculated. Effects of spin-splitting are modelled by substitutional disorder,
and calculated in the coherent potential approximation. Due to the increasing
strength of the dipole-dipole interaction, the results show a crossover from a
double-peak spectrum at small filling factors to a single-peak spectrum at
filling factors \agt 1/6. Radiation damping and magnetophonon scattering can
also influence the cyclotron resonance. The results are in very good agreement
with experiments.Comment: 4 pages REVTEX, attempt to append 3 figures that seem to have been
lost last tim
Gravity vs radiation model: on the importance of scale and heterogeneity in commuting flows
We test the recently introduced radiation model against the gravity model for
the system composed of England and Wales, both for commuting patterns and for
public transportation flows. The analysis is performed both at macroscopic
scales, i.e. at the national scale, and at microscopic scales, i.e. at the city
level. It is shown that the thermodynamic limit assumption for the original
radiation model significantly underestimates the commuting flows for large
cities. We then generalize the radiation model, introducing the correct
normalisation factor for finite systems. We show that even if the gravity model
has a better overall performance the parameter-free radiation model gives
competitive results, especially for large scales.Comment: in press Phys. Rev. E, 201
Frequency-Dependent Current Noise through Quantum-Dot Spin Valves
We study frequency-dependent current noise through a single-level quantum dot
connected to ferromagnetic leads with non-collinear magnetization. We propose
to use the frequency-dependent Fano factor as a tool to detect single-spin
dynamics in the quantum dot. Spin precession due to an external magnetic and/or
a many-body exchange field affects the Fano factor of the system in two ways.
First, the tendency towards spin-selective bunching of the transmitted
electrons is suppressed, which gives rise to a reduction of the low-frequency
noise. Second, the noise spectrum displays a resonance at the Larmor frequency,
whose lineshape depends on the relative angle of the leads' magnetizations.Comment: 12 pages, 15 figure
Internally Electrodynamic Particle Model: Its Experimental Basis and Its Predictions
The internally electrodynamic (IED) particle model was derived based on
overall experimental observations, with the IED process itself being built
directly on three experimental facts, a) electric charges present with all
material particles, b) an accelerated charge generates electromagnetic waves
according to Maxwell's equations and Planck energy equation and c) source
motion produces Doppler effect. A set of well-known basic particle equations
and properties become predictable based on first principles solutions for the
IED process; several key solutions achieved are outlined, including the de
Broglie phase wave, de Broglie relations, Schr\"odinger equation, mass,
Einstein mass-energy relation, Newton's law of gravity, single particle self
interference, and electromagnetic radiation and absorption; these equations and
properties have long been broadly experimentally validated or demonstrated. A
specific solution also predicts the Doebner-Goldin equation which emerges to
represent a form of long-sought quantum wave equation including gravity. A
critical review of the key experiments is given which suggests that the IED
process underlies the basic particle equations and properties not just
sufficiently but also necessarily.Comment: Presentation at the 27th Int Colloq on Group Theo Meth in Phys, 200
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ATOPIC DERMATITIS AND IMMUNOGLOBULIN E
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/66225/1/j.1365-4362.1976.tb00705.x.pd
Eta Carinae -- Physics of the Inner Ejecta
Eta Carinae's inner ejecta are dominated observationally by the bright
Weigelt blobs and their famously rich spectra of nebular emission and
absorption lines. They are dense (n_e ~ 10^7 to 10^8 cm^-3), warm (T_e ~ 6000
to 7000 K) and slow moving (~40 km/s) condensations of mostly neutral (H^0)
gas. Located within 1000 AU of the central star, they contain heavily
CNO-processed material that was ejected from the star about a century ago.
Outside the blobs, the inner ejecta include absorption-line clouds with similar
conditions, plus emission-line gas that has generally lower densities and a
wider range of speeds (reaching a few hundred km/s) compared to the blobs. The
blobs appear to contain a negligible amount of dust and have a nearly dust-free
view of the central source, but our view across the inner ejecta is severely
affected by uncertain amounts of dust having a patchy distribution in the
foreground. Emission lines from the inner ejecta are powered by photoionization
and fluorescent processes. The variable nature of this emission, occurring in a
5.54 yr event cycle, requires specific changes to the incident flux that hold
important clues to the nature of the central object.Comment: This is Chapter 5 in a book entitled: Eta Carinae and the Supernova
Impostors, Kris Davidson and Roberta M. Humphreys, editors Springe
HYDRO + JETS (HYDJET++) event generator for Pb+Pb collisions at LHC
The Monte Carlo event generator HYDJET++ is one of the few generators,
designed for the calculations of heavy-ion collisions at ultrarelativistic
energies, which combine treatment of soft hydro-like processes with the
description of jets traversing the hot and dense partonic medium. The model is
employed to study the azimuthal anisotropy phenomena, dihadron angular
correlations and event-by-event (EbyE) fluctuations of the anisotropic flow in
Pb+Pb collisions at TeV. The interplay of soft and hard
processes describes the violation of the mass hierarchy of meson and baryon
elliptic and triangular flows at p_T > 2 GeV/c, the fall-off of the flow
harmonics at intermediate transverse momenta, and the worsening of the
number-of-constituent-quark (NCQ) scaling of elliptic/triangular flow at LHC
compared to RHIC energies. The cross-talk of v_2 and v_3 leads to emergence of
higher order harmonics in the model and to appearance of the ridge structure in
dihadron angular correlations in a broad pseudorapidity range. HYDJET++
possesses also the dynamical EbyE fluctuations of the anisotropic flow. The
model results agree well with the experimental data.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, contribution to Proceedings of the Winter
Workshop on Nuclear Dynamics 201
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