CD4 summary statistics by sex, HIV status and antiretroviral treatment.

<p>Abbreviations: N (sample size); IQR (interquartile range); HIV+ (HIV-infected); ART (antiretroviral treatment).</p>1<p>Wilcoxon rank-sum (Mann-Whitney) test of difference by sex.</p

Histogram of CD4 count distributions in the study population by HIV infection status.

<p>Total female (A) and male (B) participants; HIV-uninfected female (C) and male (D) participants; HIV-infected female (E) and male (F) participants.</p

Median CD4 counts in HIV-negative adults and significant determinants of CD4 counts in sub-Saharan Africa.

1<p>frequency weighted average using subgroups.</p>2<p>mean instead of median.</p>3<p>participants aged 19+.</p>4<p>participants aged 15+.</p><p>Abbreviations: N.A. not available.</p

Multiple regression coefficients (standard errors) relating natural log-transformed CD4 counts to explanatory variables after stratification by HIV infection status.

<p>Abbreviations: Ref. – reference, ***p<0.001, **p<0.01, *p<0.05.</p>1<p>p-values for variables with multiple categories correspond to a Wald-test that all subcategory coefficients are zero.</p

Univariate and multiple regression coefficients (standard errors) relating natural log-transformed CD4 counts to explanatory variables (N = 4993).

<p>Abbreviations: Ref. – reference, ***p<0.001, **p<0.01, *p<0.05.</p>1<p>p-values for variables with multiple categories correspond to a Wald-test that all coefficients of subcategories are zero.</p>2<p>Univariate analysis restricted to persons who are HIV-infected.</p>3<p>Univariate analysis restricted to persons who are on treatment.</p

CD4 counts in HIV-positive adults increase after longer durations of antiretroviral treatment.

<p>Data points represent mean and whiskers represent 95% confidence intervals of CD4 counts within 6 monthly treatment duration strata.</p

CD4 counts are higher in women than in men after stratifying by HIV status throughout all age groups except in older HIV-infected adults, where sample sizes are too small.

<p>Data points represent means and whiskers represent 95% confidence intervals of CD4 counts within HIV-status and age group strata.</p

Distribution of log10 cell-free and cell-associated values (per ml) by breast and infant age.

<p>Distribution of log10 cell-free and cell-associated values (per ml) by breast and infant age.</p

Kaplan-Meier curve showing transmission probabilities after 6 weeks of age.

<p>Kaplan-Meier curve showing transmission probabilities after 6 weeks of age.</p

Risk factors for HIV-1 transmission through breastfeeding.

<p>Estimated by Cox regression with adjustment on the other factors reported in the table.</p><p>Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; aHR, adjusted hazard ratio; ETT estimated time of transmission.</p