Geometrical interpretation of fluctuating hydrodynamics in diffusive systems

We discuss geometric formulations of hydrodynamic limits in diffusive systems. Specifically, we describe a geometrical construction in the space of density profiles --- the Wasserstein geometry --- which allows the deterministic hydrodynamic evolution of the systems to be related to steepest descent of the free energy, and show how this formulation can be related to most probable paths of mesoscopic dissipative systems. The geometric viewpoint is also linked to fluctuating hydrodynamics of these systems via a saddle point argument.Comment: 19 page

Low-energy kink in the nodal dispersion of copper-oxide superconductors: Insights from Dynamical Mean Field Theory

Motivated by the observation in copper-oxide high-temperature superconductors, we investigate the appearance of kinks in the electronic dispersion due to coupling to phonons for a system with strong electronic repulsion. We study a Hubbard model supplemented by an electron-phonon coupling of Holstein type within Dynamical Mean Field Theory (DMFT) utilizing Numerical Renormalization Group as impurity solver. Paramagnetic DMFT solutions in the presence of large repulsion show a kink only for large values of the electron-phonon coupling $\lambda$ or large doping and, contrary to the conventional electron-phonon theory, the position of such a kink can be shifted to energies larger than the renormalized phonon frequency $\omega_0^r$. When including antiferromagnetic correlations we find a stronger effect of the electron-phonon interaction on the electronic dispersion due to a cooperative effect and a visible kink at $\omega_0^r$, even for smaller $\lambda$. Our results provide a scenario of a kink position increasing with doping, which could be related to recent photoemission experiments on Bi-based cuprates.Comment: 10 pages, 10 figures; additional referene

Lewis acid catalyzed transfer hydromethallylation for the construction of quaternary carbon centers

The design and gram‐scale synthesis of a cyclohexa‐1,4‐diene‐based surrogate of isobutene gas is reported. Using the highly electron‐deficient Lewis acid B(C6F5)3, application of this surrogate in the hydromethallylation of electron‐rich styrene derivatives provided sterically congested quaternary carbon centers. The reaction proceeds by C(sp3)−C(sp3) bond formation at a tertiary carbenium ion that is generated by alkene protonation. The possibility of two concurrent mechanisms is proposed on the basis of mechanistic experiments using a deuterated surrogate.TU Berlin, Open-Access-Mittel - 201

Semantic Visual Localization

Robust visual localization under a wide range of viewing conditions is a fundamental problem in computer vision. Handling the difficult cases of this problem is not only very challenging but also of high practical relevance, e.g., in the context of life-long localization for augmented reality or autonomous robots. In this paper, we propose a novel approach based on a joint 3D geometric and semantic understanding of the world, enabling it to succeed under conditions where previous approaches failed. Our method leverages a novel generative model for descriptor learning, trained on semantic scene completion as an auxiliary task. The resulting 3D descriptors are robust to missing observations by encoding high-level 3D geometric and semantic information. Experiments on several challenging large-scale localization datasets demonstrate reliable localization under extreme viewpoint, illumination, and geometry changes

Public finance, trade, and development : what have we learned?

Interdependence of trade and public finance policy are important considerations in designing macroeconomic policy, public revenue policy, and public expenditure policy. A competitive real exchange rate, improved trade performance, and trade liberalization are all built on the base of sound fiscal management. Trade policies and trade liberalization may, however have a negative effect on fiscal balances, which must be considered and compensated for. Improving competitiveness and reducing protection is likely to involve reform of both trade tariffs and domestic taxation. Greater reliance on efficiently designed user charges will also help make a country more competitive internationally. Correct priorities should be set for public expenditures - whether they are rising or falling - to ensure that they are supportive of trade and of tradeable goods production.Public Sector Economics&Finance,TF054105-DONOR FUNDED OPERATION ADMINISTRATION FEE INCOME AND EXPENSE ACCOUNT,Banks&Banking Reform,Environmental Economics&Policies,Economic Theory&Research

Effect of Intraduodenal Bile and Taurodeoxycholate on Exocrine Pancreatic Secretion and on Plasma Levels of Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide and Somatostatin in Man

Intraduodenal (i.d.) application of bile or Na-taurodeoxycholate (TDC) dose dependently enhances basal exocrine pancreatic secretion. The hydrokinetic effect is mediated at least in part by secretin. This study should show, whether vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), a partial agonist of secretin, may also be involved in the mediation of the hydrokinetic effect. Furthermore, plasma concentrations of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI) were measured in order to check whether this counterregulating hormone is also released by bile and TDC. Twenty investigations were carried out on 10 fasting healthy volunteers provided with a double-lumen Dreiling tube. Bile and TDC were intraduodenally applied in doses of 2-6 g and 200-600 mg, respectively, at 65-min intervals. Plasma samples were withdrawn at defined intervals for radioimmunological determination of VIP and SLI. Duodenal juice was collected in 10-min fractions and analyzed for volume, pH, bicarbonate, lipase, trypsin, and amylase. I.d. application of bile or TDC dose dependently stimulated hydrokinetic and ecbolic pancreatic secretion. Bile exerted a slightly stronger effect than TDC. Pancreatic response was simultaneously accompanied by a significant increase of plasma VIP and SLI concentrations. The effect of bile on integrated plasma VIP and SLI concentrations seems to be dose dependent; the effect of TDC on integrated SLI, too. For the increase of integrated plasma VIP concentrations after TDC no dose-response relation could be established. We conclude that VIP may be a further mediator of bile-induced volume and bicarbonate secretion. The release of plasma SLI indicates that inhibitory mechanisms concomitantly are triggered by i.d. bile and TDC, as already shown during digestion for the intestinal phase of pancreatic secretion

Public Enterprises and Labor Market Performance

This paper shows that state control of some industries may have contributed to theincrease in European unemployment from the 1970s to the early 1990s. We develop asimple model with both publicly-run and privately-run enterprises and show that wheneconomic turbulence increases, higher unemployment rates may result in economies thathave a larger public sector.European Unemployment, Public Sector Employment