Genes associated with interferon-induced depression.

<p><u>Abbreviations:</u> ISG  =  interferon stimulated gene.</p

Self-designed primers used for quantitative real time RT-PCR.

<p><u>Abbreviations:</u> RT-PCR  =  reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.</p

Enhanced IFN-mediated induction of selective ISGs in HCV patients with IFN-induced depression (<i>in vivo</i>) and psychiatric patients with a severe depressive episode (SDE, <i>in vitro</i>).

<p>Total RNA was isolated from peripheral blood of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected patients with (n = 11, “HCV-D”) or without (n = 11, “HCV-N”) IFN-induced depression 12 hours before and 12 hours after the first injection of pegylated IFN-α2a. Expression of IFN stimulated genes (ISGs) was analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR (panel A: <i>GCH1</i>, <i>TOR1B</i>; panel B: <i>DYNLT1</i>, <i>DISC1</i>; panel C: <i>MX1</i>, <i>ISG15</i>). To validate the data in an independent cohort, PBMC were isolated from 11 healthy controls (“co-N”) and 22 patients hospitalized for a SDE (“co-D”) and stimulated with 100 U/mL pegylated IFN-α2a <i>in vitro</i> for 16 h followed by isolation of total RNA. Data are shown as box plots (range, 25% and 75% percentile, mean).</p

Patient baseline demographics and tumor characteristics.

<p>[interquartile range] are shown. HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; NASH, Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; MELD, the model for end stage liver disease; CRP, C-reactive protein; AFP, a-fetoprotein. Number (proportion) or median </p

Enhanced ISG expression and IFN-production in psychiatric patients with a severe depressive episode (SDE).

<p>Panel A. After 24 h of <i>in vitro</i> incubation without any further stimuli, total RNA was isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 11 healthy controls (“co-N”) and 22 patients hospitalized for a SDE (“co-D”). Panel B. Total RNA was isolated directly from unseparated peripheral blood of healthy controls (“co-N”, n = 11), SDE patients (“co-D, n = 22”) and HCV patients without (“HCV-N”, n = 11) or with (“HCV-D”, n = 11) IFN-induced depression. Expression of IFN stimulated genes (ISGs) and IFN-β was analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR. Data (copies per 100,000 copies of <i>ACTB</i>) are shown as box plots (range, 25% and 75% percentile, mean).</p

Basal expression of interferons and toll-like receptor genes in individuals with or without depressive disorders.

1<p>Data are shown as copies per 100,000 copies of <i>ACTB</i>.</p><p><u>Abbreviations:</u> SDE-P  =  severe depression episode patients, SEM  =  standard error of the mean, n.s.  =  not significant, n.d.  =  not determined.</p

The overall survival in the whole series.

<p>Kaplan–Meier curves were generated to show the overall survival of the whole HCC patients after SIRT.</p

Expected survival of three hypothetical patients.

<p>Base on the equation in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0082225#pone-0082225-t004" target="_blank">Table 4</a>, the expected survival probability can be calculated in individual patients with score 2.1, 2.6, and 3.1, respectively.</p

The survival probabilities among patients with good, fair and poor prognosis.

<p>Kaplan–Meier curves were generated to compare survival among patients with good, fair, and poor prognosis defined by the score according to the model at one month post-SIRT.</p

Univariate and Multivariate Analyses of Risk Factors for Survival.

<p> = viral, 0 = nonviral. Etiology: 1</p><p> = 1, 2 = 2–5, 3 = 5 or greater. Number of nodules: 1</p><p> = <3 cm, 2 = 3–10 cm, 3 = >10 cm. Size: 1</p><p> = PR or CR, 2 = SD, 3 = PD. Choi response: 1</p