Institution Building in Myanmar: The Establishment of Regional and State Assemblies

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Prevalence of Campylobacter Species in Adult Crohn's Disease and the Preferential Colonization Sites of Campylobacter Species in the Human Intestine

INTRODUCTION: Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are the two major forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). A high prevalence of Campylobacter concisus was previously detected in paediatric CD and adult UC. Currently, the prevalence of C. concisus in adult CD and the preferential colonization sites of Campylobacter species in the human intestine are unknown. In this study, we examined the prevalence of Campylobacter species in biopsies collected from multiple anatomic sites of adult patients with IBD and controls. METHODS: Three hundred and one biopsies collected from ileum, caecum, descending colon and rectum of 28 patients IBD (15 CD and 13 UC) and 33 controls were studied. Biopsies were used for DNA extraction and detection of Campylobacter species by PCR-sequencing and Campylobacter cultivation. RESULTS: A significantly higher prevalence of C. concisus in colonic biopsies of patients with CD (53%) was detected as compared with the controls (18%). Campylobacter genus-PCR positivity and C. concisus positivity in patients with UC were 85% and 77% respectively, being significantly higher than that in the controls (48% and 36%). C. concisus was more often detected in descending colonic and rectal biopsies from patients with IBD in comparison to the controls. C. concisus was isolated from patients with IBD. CONCLUSION: The high intestinal prevalence of C. concisus in patients with IBD, particularly in the proximal large intestine, suggests that future studies are needed to investigate the possible involvement of C. concisus in a subgroup of human IBD. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the association between adult CD and C. concisus as well as the first study of the preferential colonization sites of C. concisus in the human intestine

Kr Isotopic Compositions in Stardust SiC grains and AGB Winds

Krypton (Kr) is a heavy noble gas that does not chemically react and hence does not condense into dust. However, it is found in trace amounts inside stardust silicon carbide (SiC) grains in meteorites, which are believed to have condensed in the C-rich e

<i>Campylobacter</i> genus-PCR positivity in patients with IBD (CD and UC) and controls.

<p>Four biopsies collected from each individual were examined. A <i>Campylobacter</i> genus-PCR positive individual is an individual who had at least one intestinal biopsy positive for <i>Campylobacter</i> genus-PCR. *Significantly different as compared with the controls (<i>P</i><0.05).</p

Detection of <i>C. concisus</i> in biopsies collected from four intestinal anatomic sites of patients with IBD (CD and UC) and controls^@.

<p>@ Identification of C. concisus was based on Campylobacter genus-PCR and sequencing of the positive PCR products, except for three biopsy samples. The three biopsy samples showed mixed sequences by Campylobacter genus-PCR, therefore were further subjected to C. concisus PCR to examine the presence of C. concisus.</p><p>Biopsies collected from four intestinal anatomic sites were examined; ileal biopsies were not available from two patients with CD, caecal biopsy was not available from one patient with CD and rectal biopsy was not available from one patient with CD.</p><p>*Significantly higher in patients with IBD as compared with the controls (<i>P</i><0.05).</p

Percentage of <i>Campylobacter</i> species positivity in patients with IBD (CD and UC) and controls^@.

<p>@A specific Campylobacter species positive individual is an individual who has at least one biopsy positive for the Campylobacter species listed in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0025417#pone-0025417-t003" target="_blank">Table 3</a>, detected by Campylobacter genus-PCR and sequencing. *Significantly higher as compared with the controls (P<0.05).</p

Montreal classification of patients with IBD

<p>Montreal classification of patients with IBD</p

Detection of <i>Campylobacter</i> species in biopsies collected from four intestinal anatomic sites of individuals (n = 33) with normal intestinal histology by <i>Campylobacter</i> genus-PCR and sequencing^*.

<p>*Four biopsies, one each from ileum, caecum, descending colon and rectum of each individual, were examined. Identification of <i>Campylobacter</i> species was based on 97–100% similarity of the sequences of PCR products (503–766 bp) to the sequences of known <i>Campylobacter</i> species.</p