Exposures and activities associated with acute gastroenteritis.

<p><b>NOTE:</b> OR, odds ratio; CI, 95% confidence intervals.</p>¶<p>Numerous crewmembers (including the index cases(s)) visited several locations during their visit to Lima, including “Pizza Alley,” a location of many restaurants, bars and nightclubs.</p>§<p>i.e. Sharing a berthing facility, being in close proximity during daily activities, etc.</p>€<p>Both cooked and uncooked vegetables.</p><p>*Ventanilla is a low income area of Lima near the Port of Callao, Peru. A group of crewmembers conducted housing construction and renovation during one day of their deployment to Lima, as part of a humanitarian assistance mission.</p

Number of cases of acute gastroenteritis among 230 members of the crew showing the evolution of the outbreak of NoV GI and ETEC in a US Navy ship.

<p>A. Crew members visited several locations during their visit to Lima, including “Pizza Alley” a location of many restaurants, bars and nightclubs. B. Control measures included: thorough cleaning of all ship surfaces with a 5% bleach solution, reinforcement of the importance of proper hand washing, provision of hand sanitizers (alcohol hand gel) in each room, recommendation to only consumed cooked foods (including vegetables) and requirement for any crewmember to report to the ships infirmary in the event they develop symptoms of gastroenteritis.</p

Trend in mortality rates by gender, age and year in Kibera informal settlement, Kenya January 2009–December 2010.

*<p>Significant reductions in mortality rates over the years.</p

Human leishmaniasis incidence in Peru, by Department (2012).

<p>Map of Peruvian Departments indicating the 2012 incidence rates of human cutaneous (CL) and mucocutaneous (MCL) leishmaniasis cases, where incidence  =  [(number of probable and confirmed laboratory cases in epidemiological reporting week #51)/(2012 estimated population)]*(100,000 people). Madre de Dios had an incidence of 487 and 45 cases for CL and MCL, respectively. The Department of Callao had no reported cases and is excluded on this map. Numerator data was obtained from the Ministerio de Salud <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0103358#pone.0103358-PerMinisteriode1" target="_blank">[7]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0103358#pone.0103358-PerMinisteriode2" target="_blank">[60]</a> and population denominator data obtained from the Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática (INEI) <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0103358#pone.0103358-Instituto1" target="_blank">[8]</a>.</p

Liver tissue samples of rodent species from additional sites examined for <i>Leishmania</i> by polymerase chain reaction, where n₁ is the total number captured (% of total captures) and n₂ is the total number tested.

1<p><i>Proechimys spp</i>. by study site consisted of: 3 <i>P. brevicauda</i> at Iberia; 6 <i>P. brevicauda</i>, 2 <i>P. simonsi</i>, and 1 <i>P. pattoni</i> at La Novia; and 1 <i>P. simonsi</i> and 1 <i>P. brevicauda</i> at Florida Baja.</p

Household and child characteristics from Ethiopia 2011, Kenya 2008–2009 and Uganda 2010 Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS).

<p>^a Standard deviation (SD)</p><p>^bAmong households which own any animals</p><p>^c No animals are included in the wealth score</p><p>^d Defined as height-for-age z-score lower than 2 standard deviations below the reference mean</p><p>Household and child characteristics from Ethiopia 2011, Kenya 2008–2009 and Uganda 2010 Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS).</p

Department of Madre de Dios (Peru) human leishmaniasis incidence, by District (2012).

<p>Map of Madre de Dios with each district color-coded for the combined 2012 incidence rates of human cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis cases, where incidence  =  [(number of probable and confirmed laboratory cases in epidemiological reporting week #51)/(2012 estimated population)]*(10,000 people). Numerator data was obtained from the Ministerio de Salud <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0103358#pone.0103358-PerMinisteriode1" target="_blank">[7]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0103358#pone.0103358-PerMinisteriode2" target="_blank">[60]</a> and population denominator data obtained from the Ministerio de Salud <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0103358#pone.0103358-PerMinisteriode3" target="_blank">[61]</a>. The Interoceanic Highway is indicated by the yellow line and the five study sites are represented by the brown dots, where A = Iberia, B = La Novia, C = Florida Baja, D = Mazuko, and E = El Carmen. El Carmen was just outside of Madre de Dios in Puno Department.</p