Additional file 1: of Exposure to a multi-level multi-component childhood obesity prevention community-randomized controlled trial: patterns, determinants, and implications

CONSORT checklist of the B’more Health Communities for Kids program. (DOCX 158 kb

Additional file 2: of Exposure to a multi-level multi-component childhood obesity prevention community-randomized controlled trial: patterns, determinants, and implications

Table S1. Sensitivity analysis of caregiver correlates of level of exposure to the B’more Healthy Communities for Kids trial using a quadratic model for linear regression. Table S2. Sensitivity analysis of youth correlates of level of exposure to the B’more Healthy Communities for Kids trial using a quadratic model for linear regression. (DOCX 19 kb

Food in My Neighborhood: Exploring the Food Environment through Photovoice with Urban, African American Youth

<p>This study adapted Photovoice methodology for younger participants to better understand the perceptions of urban African American youth on their food environments and diets. Youth (<i>n</i> = 17, ages 10–13 years) photographed and described, using novel narrative-based activities, the myriad places they regularly acquired “junk food” from environments saturated with such but differed in their assessments of the availability and desirability of more nutritious alternative foods. Youth often discussed specific foods as well as peers and adults in their lives as either entirely “healthy” or “unhealthy.” This concrete thinking should be considered when designing messaging strategies to improve diets in similar populations. Overall, Photovoice is an engaging and effective method to engage youth in efforts to improve food environments and diets.</p

Regression analyses examining variables associated with food-related psychosocial factors as outcomes among African American churchgoers.

<p>Std. β indicates standardized beta, which was used because of the transformed variables.</p><p>R² is the variance in the outcome that is explained by the variables in the model.</p><p>All variables adjusted for in the model are included in the table above.</p>a<p>Square transformed to approximate a normal distribution.</p>b<p>Cube transformed to approximate a normal distribution.</p>c<p>nnual Household Income categorized as 1 = $0–30,000 2 =$30,001–50,000 3 = $50,001–80,000 4 =  over$80,000.</p>*<p>p-value<0.0.</p

Descriptive statistics for the sample of Baltimore African American churchgoers (n = 153).

<p>Descriptive statistics for the sample of Baltimore African American churchgoers (n = 153).</p

Adjusted Odds Ratio of Overweight and Obesity in the EI/BMR Quartiles as Compared to the Third Quartile by a Multiple Logistic Regression Model.

<p>Adjusted Odds Ratio of Overweight and Obesity in the EI/BMR Quartiles as Compared to the Third Quartile by a Multiple Logistic Regression Model.</p

The Differences in Age, BMI-Percentile-For-Age and Dietary Intake Across the Quartiles of EI/BMR.

<p>The Differences in Age, BMI-Percentile-For-Age and Dietary Intake Across the Quartiles of EI/BMR.</p

Inconsistency between Self-Reported Energy Intake and Body Mass Index among Urban, African-American Children

<div><p>Background</p><p>To prevent obesity, it is important to assess dietary habits through self-reported energy intake (EI) in children. We investigated how EI is associated with body mass index and which elements of dietary habits and status are associated with EI among African-American (AA) children.</p><p>Methods</p><p>We assessed and included data from 218 10–14-year-old AA children in Baltimore, MD, USA. EI was calculated using a food frequency questionnaire. The basal metabolic rate (BMR) was used as the predicted minimal rate of energy expenditure of children. A fully adjusted multiple logistic regression was used to determine the prevalence of obesity (≥ 95^th BMI-for-age percentile) among the quartiles of EI/BMR ratio using the third quartile for the reference. The differences in the age-adjusted mean EI/BMR among the categories of dietary habits, social support, and socio economic status were analyzed using a general linear model.</p><p>Results</p><p>Children with the lowest EI/BMR had significantly higher adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of obesity as compared to those in the third quartile of EI/BMR (boys aOR 4.3; 95% confidence interval 1.08, 20 and girls aOR 4.1; 1.02, 21). In girls, the adjusted mean EI/BMR in the group that prepared food less than the means (3.8 times/week) was significantly lower than the group that prepared food over the means (<i>P</i> = 0.03). Further, the group that reported eating breakfast under 4 times/week indicated an adjusted mean EI/BMR lower than the group that ate breakfast over 5 times/week in both sexes.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>When EI was under-reported with reference to BMR, we may observe high prevalence of obesity. Further, food preparation by children and frequent consumption of breakfast may instill food cognition with usual dietary habits. Therefore, holistic assessments including dietary habits are required to examine self-reported food intake especially among overweight/obese children.</p></div

The Differences in Age-Adjusted Mean EI/BMR by Dietary Habits, Social Support, and Socioeconomic Status.

<p>The Differences in Age-Adjusted Mean EI/BMR by Dietary Habits, Social Support, and Socioeconomic Status.</p

Legislative Documents

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