7 research outputs found
Targeting cap-dependent translation blocks converging survival signals by AKT and PIM kinases in lymphoma
PIM kinase expression in human lymphomas can influence the outcome of chemotherapy, and blocking cap-dependent translation can reverse PIM-mediated rapamycin resistance in murine lymphomas
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Pre-Transplant Evaluation with Both CT and PET Following Second-Line Therapy Is Essential for Predicting Outcome in Patients with Transplant- Eligible Relapsed and Primary Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma
Abstract
The standard treatment for relapsed and primary refractory (rel/ref) Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) for patients (pts) who demonstrate chemosensitivity to second-line chemotherapy (ST) is high dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (HDT-ASCT). Since 1994, four studies at our institution evaluated ICE (ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide) based salvage therapy followed by HDT-ASCT in rel/ref HL. Chemosensitivity is a requirement for pts to proceed to HDT-ASCT, however the definition of chemosensitivity is broad. We use both functional imaging (gallium or PET) and CT to assess response to ICE; pts with chemosensitive disease fall into three groups: normalization of CT and FI (NRM), residual mass on CT but with negative FI (RM, FI-), and FI positivity regardless of CT finding (FI+). Here we report the outcome for pts who responded to ICE ST and proceeded to HDT-ASCT.
Between October 1994 and February 2008, 198 pts received ICE on 1 of 4 consecutive protocols (169 pts) or as per protocol (29 pts) and were deemed transplant-eligible. The median follow-up for surviving patients is 7.4 years. There were 99 male pts and 99 female pts; the median age was 31. With respect to the 3 pre-salvage chemotherapy risk factors (RF) (relapse within 1 year of primary treatment, presence of extranodal disease, and B symptoms): 44 pts had 0 RF, 64 had 1 RF, 75 had 2 RF, and 8 had 3 RF. Bulky disease defined as greater than 5cm or 10cm was present in 60 (30%) and 15 (7.5%) pts respectively.
The five year event free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were 69% and 78% respectively. Seventy six (38%) had a NRM response to ST, 73 (37%) had a RM, FI- response, and 49 (25%) were FI+. The 5 year EFS and OS for the three groups were 86% and 93%, 71% and 79%, and 41% and 51% respectively. There was a statistically significant improvement in OS and EFS for the NRM and RM, FI- groups compared to the FI+ group (p<0.0001). Surprisingly, a comparison between the NRM and RM, FI- groups also revealed a statistically significant improvement in EFS and OS for the NRM group (p=0.05 and 0.04 respectively).
Response to ICE ST followed by HDT-ASCT is associated with a prolonged EFS and OS. The quality of response to ICE ST had a significant impact on outcome. Both a residual mass with normalized FI and abnormal FI after ST predicts for an inferior outcome following HDT-ASCT. However, residual radiotracer on FI was associated with the poorest outcome in both EFS and OS.
CONCLUSION: Outcome cannot be predicted by FI alone since both RM, FI- and FI+ groups had an inferior outcome compared to NRM. The most accurate post treatment evaluation includes both CT and PET.
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Normalization of FDG-PET Pre-ASCT with Additional Non-Cross Resistant Chemotherapy Improves EFS in Patients with Relapsed and Primary Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma-Memorial Sloan Kettering Protocol 04-047
Abstract
We have reported that outcome of transplant-eligible patients (pts) with relapsed and primary refractory HL is determined by three pre-second-line chemotherapy (ST) risk factors (RF): remission duration of <1 yr., extranodal disease and B symptoms. In addition, normalization of FDG-PET prior to ASCT is the most important factor predicting favorable EFS. We now report the preliminary results of an ongoing phase II risk-adapted study where HL pts receive the following: Favorable risk (0–1 RF) - one cycle of standard dose ifosfamide, carboplatin and etoposide (ICE) ST followed by one cycle of augmented ICE; unfavorable risk (2-RF)- 2 cycles of augmented ICE. All pts then underwent a restaging FDG-PET and the results determined the next treatment. Pts with a negative FDG-PET went directly to HDT/ASCT; however if the FDG-PET was still positive, pts received an additional four biweekly cycles of gemcitabine (1000 mg/m2), vinorelbine (20 mg/m2) and liposomal doxorubicin (15 mg/m2) (GVD) followed by repeat FDG-PET scan; pts without evidence of progression then received HDT/ASCT. Preceding high-dose chemotherapy and ASCT, patients that were radiation therapy-naive received involved field radiotherapy (IFRT) followed by total lymphoid irradiation. Selected previously irradiated patients received only IFRT.
Sixty-two pts are evaluable; median follow-up of surviving pts is 30 months; median age was 35. Forty-eight pts had a remission duration of < 1 yr. of those, 28 had primary refractory disease; 28 had extranodal disease and 11 had B symptoms. All patients had previously failed doxorubicin-based chemotherapy; 18 had received prior radiation; of those, 13 failed in the radiation field.
Following first ST chemotherapy with ICE, 3 pts progressed, while 37 pts normalized their FDG-PET scan and currently 31 of these pts are event-free. Twenty-five pts with an improving CT scan after ICE still had a persistently positive FDG-PET; they received the second ST with GVD. Of these, 13 pts normalized their FDG-PET scan and 11 are eventfree; the remaining 12 pts had persistently abnormal FDG-PET scan or progressed; only 4 of them are event-free. There was no difference in outcome between the pts who had normal FDG-PET after ICE (pre-ASCT) and those who achieved a negative FDG-PET scan because of the additional ST with GVD. Both of these cohorts had a statistically significant improvement in EFS compared to pts with a persistently positive FDG-PET. In total 46/62 (65%) pts on this program are currently event-free. One pt died from sepsis. Conclusion: For pts with relapsed and primary refractory HL our evolving strategy is to administer ST until normalization of FDG-PET is achieved prior to HDT/ASCT.
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