Using screen video capture software to aide and inform cognitive interviewing

Web-based surveys are a salient tool in the repertoire of social and behavioral scientists. The increase in web-based surveys is understandable considering the distinct advantages offered, including: (a) lower costs and reduced labor time, (b) ability to directly transfer data into statistical packages (reducing coding errors), (c) customization options enabling more attractive presentation, (d) ability to reduce respondent burden by embedding skip patterns, and (e) access to larger sample sizes in different geographic regions. It is important to note, however, that administering web-based surveys also introduces distinct sources of error (e.g., coverage, sampling and non-response). Regardless of format (e.g., paper-and-pencil or web-based), specific, prescribed steps must be followed when constructing an instrument in order to reduce survey error and lend credence to the data collected before subsequent analysis is performed. One of those crucial stages integral to the pretesting process is cognitive interviewing. Cognitive interviewing is a qualitative process, encompassing two main techniques: think aloud interviewing and verbal probing. Collectively, these two methods seek to (a) produce information on what the respondent is thinking while answering the questions, (b) the cognitive processes used to answer the questions, and (c) how the respondent answers the questions. The purpose of this article is to provide a practical guide outlining how Camtasia, a screen video capture software, can aide and inform the cognitive interview process

Erratum: Management of cardiovascular disease patients with confirmed or suspected covid-19 in limited resource settings (Global Heart (2020) 15:1 (44) DOI: 10.5334/gh.823)

10.5334/GH.885Global Heart1515

Influence of a single course of antenatal betamethasone on the maternal–fetal insulin-IGF-GH axis in singleton pregnancies

Objective: We examined the hypothesis that a single course of antenatal betamethasone influences the maternal-fetal insulin-IGF-GH axis. Design: A prospective, observational, pilot study consisting of four groups of pregnant women: (1) received betamethasone and delivered 2 weeks post treatment; (III) untreated women who delivered 37 weeks (term controls). Maternal and mixed umbilical cord blood was collected at delivery and analyzed for insulin, glucose, IGF-I IGF-II, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-3, GH and GHBP. Results: Betamethasone increased maternal insulin, glucose and IGF-I levels without affecting IGFBPs. In the fetal compartment, betamethasone treatment was associated with a delayed suppressive effect on GH and a sustained suppressive effect on IGF-II levels. There were no differences in infant size or neonatal morbidities between patients who delivered 2 weeks post betamethasone treatment. In Group IV, birth weight correlated positively with cord IGF-I levels (r(2) = 0.41, p = 0.0098) and negatively with cord IGFBP-1 levels (r(2) = 0.51, p = 0.0039), and ponderal index correlated negatively with cord IGFBP-1 levels (r(2) = 0.27, p < 0.05). Conclusions: A single course of antenatal betamethasone influences the maternal-fetal insulin-IGF-GH axis, particularly fetal TGF-II levels, without measurable anthropornetric changes at birth. Whether these effects have implications beyond the neonatal period remains to be determined. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

The Impact of Survey Methodology and Context on Central Tendency, Nonresponse and Associations of Subjective Indicators of Government Performance

survey methodology, government performance indicators,