Overview of Sampling.

<p>Flowchart depicts the participant numbers that were included and excluded. *10 years is considered the age of criminal responsibility in Australia.</p

Forest Plot of Unadjusted and Adjusted Hazard Ratios for Any and Violent Convictions.

<p>Figure depicting the associations between TBI and any violent offending, relative to the non- exposed comparison groups: general community, full siblings, or twins.</p

Results from univariate and multivariate Poisson regression analysis investigating mortality rates by region (South is the reference region).

a<p>adjusted for baseline variables gender, age, HIV exposure group, hepatitis B and C status, prior AIDS diagnosis, prior non-AIDS diagnosis, hypertension, diabetes, anaemia, smoking status, CD4 count, baseline date and on cART viral load.</p>b<p>adjusted as in a but age, hepatitis B and C status, hypertension, diabetes, anaemia, smoking status, CD4 count, year of follow-up and on cART viral load were included as time-updated covariates.</p>c<p>adjusted for baseline variables gender, age, HIV exposure group, hepatitis B and C status, prior AIDS diagnosis, prior non-AIDS diagnosis, hypertension, diabetes, anaemia, CD4 count, baseline date and on cART viral load.</p>d<p>adjusted as in a but age, hepatitis B and C status, hypertension, diabetes, anaemia, CD4 count, year of follow-up and on cART viral load were included as time-updated covariates.</p

Incidence rate ratio (IRR) for all cause, AIDS and non-AIDS related mortality per calendar year of follow-up stratified by region.

<p>(Argentina was excluded from this analysis due to limited power). ^aadjusted for gender, age*, HIV exposure group, hepatitis B* and C* status, prior AIDS diagnosis, prior non-AIDS diagnosis, hypertension*, diabetes*, anaemia*, smoking status*, CD4 count*, baseline date* and on cART viral load*. ^badjusted for gender, age*, HIV exposure group, hepatitis B* and C* status, prior AIDS diagnosis, prior non-AIDS diagnosis, hypertension*, diabetes*, anaemia*, CD4 count*, baseline date* and on cART viral load*. *time-updated.</p

Baseline characteristics (baseline was defined as either 1^st January 2002 or enrolment into EuroSIDA which ever occurred later).

<p>Baseline characteristics (baseline was defined as either 1^st January 2002 or enrolment into EuroSIDA which ever occurred later).</p

Crude mortality rate across the six different regions.

<p>Cause of death are reported by the site investigator and, since 2004, a Coding of Death in HIV (CoDe) case report form is additionally completed for each fatal case and CoDe methods used to determine the underlying cause of death.</p

Other factors associated with fatal and non-fatal non-AIDS (only factors with p<0.1 are shown).

*<p>multivariable Poisson regression also adjusted for immune-virological discordance status, region of cohort, treatment naive/experienced, current or previous smoking, hepatitis B/C coinfection, transmission risk, race, sex, calendar year of baseline, number of treatment changes, diagnosis of hypertension, diagnosis of diabetes, diagnosis of impaired renal function, viral load at start of new regimen, time to viral suppression, and previous AIDS. CD4 count at baseline is not included in the model.</p>†<p>haemoglobin <14 mg/dl in males and <12 mg/dl in females.</p

Multivariable Models with different endpoints and adjusted for demographic factors alone (model 1), demographic factors and baseline CD4 count (model 2), and demographic factors and current CD4 count (model 3).

*<p>Immuno-virological Discordance.</p>†<p>per 100 cells/µl higher.</p>‡<p>per log2 cells/µl higher.</p>§<p>multivariable Poisson regression also adjusted for age, sex, transmission risk, race, region of cohort, calendar year of baseline, treatment naive/experienced, current or previous smoking, hepatitis B/C coinfection, whether or not on triple ART, number of treatment changes, diagnosis of anaemia, hypertension, impaired renal function, viral load at start of new regimen, time to viral suppression, previous AIDS or non-AIDS event.</p