IL-10 pre-treatment did not inhibit the neurotoxicity induced by reactive microglia in neuron-primary microglia co-cultures.

<p>Neuron-primary microglia co-cultures were treated with 100 ng/mL LPS +30 ng/mL IFN-γ for 48 h in the presence or absence of 50 ng/mL of IL-10 administered 1 h prior to LPS/IFN-γ. Evaluation of neuronal viability by MAP2-ABTS-ELISA assay. Results are presented as % of MAP2 immunostaining in control co-cultures. Bars are means + SEM of four independent experiments. **p<0.01 vs control; one-way ANOVA (repeated measures) and Newman-Keuls post-test.</p

The iNOS inhibitor 1400 W prevented the neurotoxicity induced by reactive microglia in neuron-primary microglia co-cultures.

<p>Neuron-primary microglia co-cultures were treated with 100 ng/mL LPS +30 ng/mL IFN-γ for 48 h in the presence or absence of 1400 W (10 µM) co-administered with LPS/IFN-γ. (A) NO production 48 h after LPS/IFN-γ treatment. (B) Evaluation of neuronal viability by MAP2-ABTS-ELISA assay. Results are presented as % of MAP2 immunostaining in control co-cultures. Bars are means + SEM of three independent experiments. **p<0.01 vs control; ##p<0.01 vs LPS/IFN-γ; one-way ANOVA (repeated measures) and Newman-Keuls post-test.</p

High extracellular K⁺ concentration did not potentiate reactive glia-induced neurotoxicity in neuron-primary microglia co-cultures.

<p>Neuronal viability (MAP2-ABTS-ELISA assay) in neuron-primary microglia co-cultures grown in 5 mM and 25 mM KCl and treated with 100 ng/mL LPS +30 ng/mL IFN-γ for 24 h. Results are presented as % of MAP2 immunostaining in control co-cultures grown in 5 mM KCl. Bars are means + SEM of four independent experiments. **p<0.01 vs each control; two-way ANOVA (repeated measures) and Bonferroni post-test.</p

Increased extracellular K⁺ concentration enhanced reactive glia-induced.

<p>neurotoxicity in neuron-BV2 co-cultures. (A) Neuronal viability (MAP2-ABTS-ELISA assay) in neuron-BV2 co-cultures grown in 5 mM and 25 mM KCl 24 h after 100 ng/mL LPS +0.5 ng/mL IFN-γ treatment. Results are presented as % of MAP2 immunostaining in control co-cultures grown in 5 mM KCl. Bars are means + SEM of four independent experiments. ***p<0.001 vs respective control; two-way ANOVA (repeated measures) and Bonferroni post-test. (B) MAP2 immunostaining in control (B) and 100 ng/mL LPS +0.5 ng/mL IFN-γ treated co-cultures grown in high K⁺. Bar = 100 µm. (D) Increasing BV2:neuron ratio results in neurotoxicity in control neuron-BV2 co-cultures. (E) Increasing BV2:neuron ratio does not result in increased neurotoxicity in 100 ng/mL LPS +0.5 ng/mL IFN-γ treated co-cultures.</p