International comparison of death place for suicide; a population-level eight country death certificate study

Purpose: The places of death for people who died of suicide were compared across eight countries and socio-demographic factors associated with home suicide deaths identified. Methods: Death certificate data were analyzed; using multivariable binary logistic regression to determine associations. Results: National suicide death rates ranged from 1.4 % (Mexico) to 6.4 % (South Korea). The proportion of suicide deaths occurring at home was high, ranging from 29.9 % (South Korea) to 65.8 % (Belgium). Being older, female, widowed/separated, highly educated and living in an urban area were risk factors for home suicide. Conclusions: Home suicide deaths need specific attention in prevention programs

Estimating the need for palliative care at the population level : a cross-national study in 12 countries

Background: To implement the appropriate services and develop adequate interventions, detailed estimates of the needs for palliative care in the population are needed. Aim: To estimate the proportion of decedents potentially in need of palliative care across 12 European and non-European countries. Design: This is a cross-sectional study using death certificate data. Setting/participants: All adults (18years) who died in 2008 in Belgium, Czech Republic, France, Hungary, Italy, Spain (Andalusia, 2010), Sweden, Canada, the United States (2007), Korea, Mexico, and New Zealand (N=4,908,114). Underlying causes of death were used to apply three estimation methods developed by Rosenwax et al., the French National Observatory on End-of-Life Care, and Murtagh et al., respectively. Results: The proportion of individuals who died from diseases that indicate palliative care needs at the end of life ranged from 38% to 74%. We found important cross-country variation: the population potentially in need of palliative care was lower in Mexico (24%-58%) than in the United States (41%-76%) and varied from 31%-83% in Hungary to 42%-79% in Spain. Irrespective of the estimation methods, female sex and higher age were independently associated with the likelihood of being in need of palliative care near the end of life. Home and nursing home were the two places of deaths with the highest prevalence of palliative care needs. Conclusion: These estimations of the size of the population potentially in need of palliative care provide robust indications of the challenge countries are facing if they want to seriously address palliative care needs at the population level

Cross-species identification of Mendel's/locus

A key gene involved in plant senescence, mutations of which partially disable chlorophyll catabolism and confer stay-green leaf and cotyledon phenotypes, has been identified in Pisum sativum, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Festuca pratensis by using classical and molecular genetics and comparative genomics. A stay-green locus in F. pratensis is syntenically equivalent to a similar stay-green locus on rice chromosome 9. Functional testing in Arabidopsis of a homolog of the rice candidate gene revealed (i) senescence-associated gene expression and (ii) a stay-green phenotype after RNA interference silencing. Genetic mapping in pea demonstrated cosegregation with the yellow/green cotyledon polymorphism (I/i) first reported by Gregor Mendel in 1866

Figures du passeur

Omniprésentes dès l'origine dans la mythologie et les arts, les figures du passeur, « l'homme-nef », ont traversé toutes les époques et essaimé tous les domaines des sciences humaines, de la culture et de la technique. Plus que jamais d'actualité, du fait de la période que nous traversons, cette antique notion est devenue un des grands vecteurs de la médiation ; c'est aussi une des figures clés de l'anthropologie, entendue comme pensée de la relation et de la traduction, et de la médiologie, qui s'intéresse aux modes de transport des messages et des hommes à travers l'espace et le temps. Archétype du corps conducteur, le passeur est sans conteste une des figures emblématiques d'une (post)modernité placée sous le signe de la communication, de la circulation de l'information et des échanges les plus divers ; il était donc opportun de s'y intéresser. Dans les vingt-deux contributions réparties en trois chapitres (I. Transitions, Transactions, Transgressions ; II. Initiations, Transformations, Transmutations ; Transferts, Traductions, Trans-culturations) de cet ouvrage collectif, le lecteur découvrira des données originales concernant le passeur, entité protéiforme et exemple rare sinon unique de figure mythologique et archétypale acquérant, après s'être sécularisée et banalisée, la pertinence et la polyvalence d'un principe explicatif

Compare Display Schemes for Lung Nodule CT Screening

This study investigated the relative efficiencies of a stereographic display and two monoscopic display schemes for detecting lung nodules in chest computed tomography (CT). The ultimate goal was to determine whether stereoscopic display provides advantages for visualization and interpretation of three-dimensional (3D) medical image datasets. A retrospective study that compared lung nodule detection performances achieved using three different schemes for displaying 3D CT data was conducted. The display modes included slice-by-slice, orthogonal maximum intensity projection (MIP), and stereoscopic display. One hundred lung-cancer screening CT examinations containing 647 nodules were interpreted by eight radiologists, in each of the display modes. Reading times and displayed slab thickness versus time were recorded, as well as the probability, location, and size for each detected nodule. Nodule detection performance was analyzed using the receiver operating characteristic method. The stereo display mode provided higher detection performance with a shorter interpretation time, as compared to the other display modes tested in the study, although the difference was not statistically significant. The analysis also showed that there was no difference in the patterns of displayed slab thickness versus time between the stereo and MIP display modes. Most radiologists preferred reading the 3D data at a slab thickness that corresponded to five CT slices. Our results indicate that stereo display has the potential to improve radiologists' performance for detecting lung nodules in CT datasets. The experience gained in conducting the study also strongly suggests that further benefits can be achieved through providing readers with additional functionality