Erythroxylum catharinense Amaral no Estado de São Paulo: taxonomia e distribuição geográfica da espécie. Erythroxylum catharinense Amaral in the São Paulo State: taxonomy and geographic distribution of the species.

Erythroxylum catharinense Amaral éuma espécie nativa da mata pluvial de encostaatlântica que foi recentemente registrada narestinga da praia de Paranapuã sob as coordenadasgeográficas 23º 58’ 51” S e 46º 22’ 52” W,no município de São Vicente, Estado de São Paulo,Brasil. Em função disso, este trabalho apresenta aatualização taxonômica da espécie com a descriçãoda planta, ilustração botânica e a alteração da chavede identificação do gênero Erythroxylum para oEstado de São Paulo, além de considerações sobre adistribuição geográfica da espécie.Erythroxylum catharinense Amaral is anative species of the coasting atlantic rain forestthat recently was registered in restinga vegetationof the Paranapuã beach under the geographicalcoordinates 23º 58’ 51” S and 46º 22’ 52”W, in themunicipality of São Vicente, São Paulo State,Brazil. This work presents a taxonomic update ofthe species with the description of the plant,illustration botany and the alteration of Erythroxylumspecies key for São Paulo State,besides consideration on the geographic distributionof the species

Aptian shell beds from the Romualdo Formation (Araripe Basin): Implications for paleoenvironment and paleogeographical reconstruction of the Northeast of Brazil

The Aptian Romualdo Formation in the Araripe Basin represents the establishment of an epeiric sea in the Brazilian Northeast during the Early Cretaceous. This unit is composed by a succession of limestones, shales, sandstones, and coquinas, which constitute shell beds near the top. This last interval strongly suggests a marine influence in the whole basin based on the fossil assemblage. However, even though the establishment of marine waters during the deposition of the Romualdo Formation is a consensus, paleogeographical and paleoenvironmental aspects still need to be better understood. This study aims to perform a sedimentological analysis of the coquina interval, based on petrographic and taphonomic analysis of field data and in a new fully recovered well-core (2-AB-1-CE) drilled in the Serra do Mãozinha at Abaiara county in the Ceará State. The described rocks were subdivided into eight facies constituted by bivalves, gastropods, ostracods, peloids, micrite, siliciclastic grains, punctual foraminifers, and plant debris. Based on facies' vertical stacking at well 2-AB-1-CE, a main regressive pattern was observed. It was also possible to subdivide the coquina interval into high-frequency transgressive–regressive cycles. The regional distribution of the facies permitted the identification of a shallow epeiric sea throughout the basin, with variations in the paleoenvironment energy and siliciclastic input. These variations were mainly controlled by paleotopography, fluvial discharge, and sea-level oscillations. The data allowed the identification of two subsequent paleogeographical configurations controlled by sea-level change. The first one, related to a sea-level high, was characterized by a protected bay on the western border and a gulf in the rest of the basin. Then a sea-level fall led to the formation of closed and open lagoons associated with higher terrigenous supply. As such, this study adds new data for a better understanding of the Araripe Basin and the impacts of sea-level fluctuations in South America during the Aptian

Alternations of open and closed lakes in the Lower Aptian Codó Formation (Parnaíba Basin, Brazil)

Lakes can be classified as open, semi-closed, and closed based on the balance between accommodation space and sediment–water fill. Different lake types can coexist in adjacent basins and rapidly change throughout time from one type to another. Understanding the processes that result from shifts in a lake's hydrological properties can be challenging, as well as characterizing its sedimentary products. The Aptian Codó Formation, in the Parnaíba Basin, north–northeast Brazil, contains in its record a complex facies succession deposited in a continental lacustrine system. In order to better understand the depositional aspects of different lake types, we characterized the lower portion of the Codó Formation using a multi-proxy approach. We combined litho- and microfacies analysis, ichnology, bulk chemical data, mineralogy, isotopic geochemistry, and organic matter analysis in the recently drilled, fully recovered borehole, 2-CO-1-MA. We defined eight lithofacies: bioturbated siltstones, dark gray mudstones, laminites, stratiform and domal stromatolites, heterolites rich in ostracods and organic muddy, and anhydrite and gypsum rocks. The isotopic data and the palynofacies analysis pointed out the existence of restricted conditions (TOC up to 19.6 wt%) with intermittent connections with seawater. Integrating all techniques, we interpreted five depositional stages: expanded lake, brackish ephemeral lake, perennial shallow lake, evaporitic sabkha, and stratified lake. These stages were influenced by the relation between inflow and evaporation rate, which were the main controls on sedimentation in the lacustrine-sabkha system studied. Our findings provide a detailed description and interpretation of the paleoenvironmental conditions related to the alternation from open to closed lakes, combining sedimentological, geochemical, and palynological characteristics of an inland lake system

Aptian shell beds from the Romualdo Formation (Araripe Basin): Implications for paleoenvironment and paleogeographical reconstruction of the Northeast of Brazil

The Aptian Romualdo Formation in the Araripe Basin represents the establishment of an epeiric sea in the Brazilian Northeast during the Early Cretaceous. This unit is composed by a succession of limestones, shales, sandstones, and coquinas, which constitute shell beds near the top. This last interval strongly suggests a marine influence in the whole basin based on the fossil assemblage. However, even though the establishment of marine waters during the deposition of the Romualdo Formation is a consensus, paleogeographical and paleoenvironmental aspects still need to be better understood. This study aims to perform a sedimentological analysis of the coquina interval, based on petrographic and taphonomic analysis of field data and in a new fully recovered well-core (2-AB-1-CE) drilled in the Serra do Mãozinha at Abaiara county in the Ceará State. The described rocks were subdivided into eight facies constituted by bivalves, gastropods, ostracods, peloids, micrite, siliciclastic grains, punctual foraminifers, and plant debris. Based on facies' vertical stacking at well 2-AB-1-CE, a main regressive pattern was observed. It was also possible to subdivide the coquina interval into high-frequency transgressive–regressive cycles. The regional distribution of the facies permitted the identification of a shallow epeiric sea throughout the basin, with variations in the paleoenvironment energy and siliciclastic input. These variations were mainly controlled by paleotopography, fluvial discharge, and sea-level oscillations. The data allowed the identification of two subsequent paleogeographical configurations controlled by sea-level change. The first one, related to a sea-level high, was characterized by a protected bay on the western border and a gulf in the rest of the basin. Then a sea-level fall led to the formation of closed and open lagoons associated with higher terrigenous supply. As such, this study adds new data for a better understanding of the Araripe Basin and the impacts of sea-level fluctuations in South America during the Aptian

Aptian shell beds from the Romualdo Formation (Araripe Basin): Implications for paleoenvironment and paleogeographical reconstruction of the Northeast of Brazil

The Aptian Romualdo Formation in the Araripe Basin represents the establishment of an epeiric sea in the Brazilian Northeast during the Early Cretaceous. This unit is composed by a succession of limestones, shales, sandstones, and coquinas, which constitute shell beds near the top. This last interval strongly suggests a marine influence in the whole basin based on the fossil assemblage. However, even though the establishment of marine waters during the deposition of the Romualdo Formation is a consensus, paleogeographical and paleoenvironmental aspects still need to be better understood. This study aims to perform a sedimentological analysis of the coquina interval, based on petrographic and taphonomic analysis of field data and in a new fully recovered well-core (2-AB-1-CE) drilled in the Serra do Mãozinha at Abaiara county in the Ceará State. The described rocks were subdivided into eight facies constituted by bivalves, gastropods, ostracods, peloids, micrite, siliciclastic grains, punctual foraminifers, and plant debris. Based on facies' vertical stacking at well 2-AB-1-CE, a main regressive pattern was observed. It was also possible to subdivide the coquina interval into high-frequency transgressive–regressive cycles. The regional distribution of the facies permitted the identification of a shallow epeiric sea throughout the basin, with variations in the paleoenvironment energy and siliciclastic input. These variations were mainly controlled by paleotopography, fluvial discharge, and sea-level oscillations. The data allowed the identification of two subsequent paleogeographical configurations controlled by sea-level change. The first one, related to a sea-level high, was characterized by a protected bay on the western border and a gulf in the rest of the basin. Then a sea-level fall led to the formation of closed and open lagoons associated with higher terrigenous supply. As such, this study adds new data for a better understanding of the Araripe Basin and the impacts of sea-level fluctuations in South America during the Aptian

O gênero Erythroxylum P. Browne (Erythroxylaceae) do estado do Paraná, Brasil

<abstract language="eng">An inventory of the Erythroxylum's species from the State of Paraná, Brazil, was done and the following species were found: E. ambiguum Peyr., E. amplifolium (Mart.) O.E. Schulz, E. anguifugum Mart., E. argentinum O.E. Schulz, E. buxus Peyr., E. campestre A. St.-Hil., E. cuneifolium (Mart.) O.E. Schulz, E. cuspidifolium Mart., E. deciduum A. St.-Hil., E. gonocladum (Mart.) O.E. Schulz, E. nanum A. St.-Hil., E. pelleterianum A. St.-Hil., E. microphyllum A. St.-Hil., E. myrsinites Mart. and E. suberosum A. St.-Hil.. All of then are taxonomically revised and a new synonym is presented: E. cuneifolium (Mart.) O.E. Schulz var. squarrosum O.E. Schulz as synonym of E. cuneifolium (Mart.) O.E. Schulz. Is also discussed the validity of the genus name Erythroxylon Linnaeus against Erythroxylum P. Browne