Under the Cover Infant Pose Estimation using Multimodal Data

Infant pose monitoring during sleep has multiple applications in both healthcare and home settings. In a healthcare setting, pose detection can be used for region of interest detection and movement detection for noncontact based monitoring systems. In a home setting, pose detection can be used to detect sleep positions which has shown to have a strong influence on multiple health factors. However, pose monitoring during sleep is challenging due to heavy occlusions from blanket coverings and low lighting. To address this, we present a novel dataset, Simultaneously-collected multimodal Mannequin Lying pose (SMaL) dataset, for under the cover infant pose estimation. We collect depth and pressure imagery of an infant mannequin in different poses under various cover conditions. We successfully infer full body pose under the cover by training state-of-art pose estimation methods and leveraging existing multimodal adult pose datasets for transfer learning. We demonstrate a hierarchical pretraining strategy for transformer-based models to significantly improve performance on our dataset. Our best performing model was able to detect joints under the cover within 25mm 86% of the time with an overall mean error of 16.9mm. Data, code and models publicly available at https://github.com/DanielKyr/SMa

Segmentation of patient images in the neonatal intensive care unit

Detection and segmentation of people within a scene has been primarily applied to indoor imagery for surveillance systems and outdoor scenes for pedestrian detection. This paper proposes to leverage a similar semantic segmentation model for segmenting patients in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) during video-based monitoring. This will serve as part of a noncontact, non-invasive and unobtrusive system to monitor neonates by acquiring a relevant region-of-interest from overhead RGB-D video. This paper examines situations typical of the NICU environment to ensure generalization of the solution to all patient scenarios. Transfer learning is applied to a pre-trained convolutional neural network on three different patients. Promising results are observed when the model is tested on a new patient. Final testing accuracy of 93% demonstrates the potential of such algorithm to automatically determine a suitable region-of-interest for video-based patient monitoring

Real-time Neonatal Respiratory Rate Estimation using a Pressure-Sensitive Mat

We present an approach for real-time respiratory rate (RR) estimation in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) using a pressure-sensitive mat (PSM). Real patient data were collected in an NICU from four sources simultaneously: a PSM placed under the patient, a Draeger patient monitor, a video camera placed directly above the patient, and a custom bedside event annotation application running on a tablet. The PSM data were used to develop an algorithm for estimating the patient's RR. The results were evaluated against impedance pneumography (IP) based RR measurements from the patient monitor. In comparison to the IP estimates, we achieved a mean absolute error of 4.51 breaths per minute (bpm) for 3 hours of data collected from a single patient. Moreover, we show that our newer approach performs better than the previous frequency-bas

Effect of computerized provider order entry with clinical decision support on adverse drug events in the long-term care setting.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of computerized provider order entry with clinical decision support for preventing adverse drug events in long-term care. DESIGN: Cluster-randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Two large long-term care facilities. PATIENTS: One thousand one hundred eighteen long-term care residents of 29 resident care units. INTERVENTION: The 29 resident care units, each with computerized provider order entry, were randomized to having a clinical decision support system (intervention units) or not (control units). MEASUREMENTS: The number of adverse drug events, severity of events, and whether the events were preventable. RESULTS: Within intervention units, 411 adverse drug events occurred over 3,803 resident-months of observation time; 152 (37.0%) were deemed preventable. Within control units, there were 340 adverse drug events over 3,257 resident-months of observation time; 126 (37.1%) were characterized as preventable. There were 10.8 adverse drug events per 100 resident-months and 4.0 preventable events per 100 resident-months on intervention units. There were 10.4 adverse drug events per 100 resident-months and 3.9 preventable events per 100 resident-months on control units. Comparing intervention and control units, the adjusted rate ratios were 1.06 (95% confidence interval (CI)=0.92-1.23) for all adverse drug events and 1.02 (95% CI=0.81-1.30) for preventable adverse drug events. CONCLUSION: Computerized provider order entry with decision support did not reduce the adverse drug event rate or preventable adverse drug event rate in the long-term care setting. Alert burden, limited scope of the alerts, and a need to more fully integrate clinical and laboratory information may have affected efficacy