Increased Prevalence of Albuminuria in HIV-Infected Adults with Diabetes

HIV and type 2 diabetes are known risk factors for albuminuria, but no previous reports have characterized albuminuria in HIV-infected patients with diabetes.We performed a cross-sectional study including 73 HIV-infected adults with type 2 diabetes, 82 HIV-infected non-diabetics, and 61 diabetic control subjects without HIV. Serum creatinine >1.5 mg/dL was exclusionary. Albuminuria was defined as urinary albumin/creatinine ratio >30 mg/g.The prevalence of albuminuria was significantly increased among HIV-infected diabetics (34% vs. 13% of HIV non-diabetic vs. 16% diabetic control, p = 0.005). HIV status and diabetes remained significant predictors of albuminuria after adjusting for age, race, BMI, and blood pressure. Albumin/creatinine ratio correlated significantly with HIV viral load (r = 0.28, p = 0.0005) and HIV-infected subjects with albuminuria had significantly greater cumulative exposure to abacavir (p = 0.01). In an adjusted multivariate regression analysis of HIV-infected subjects, the diagnosis of diabetes (p = 0.003), higher HIV viral load (p = 0.03) and cumulative exposure to abacavir (p = 0.0009) were significant independent predictors of albuminuria.HIV and diabetes appear to have additive effects on albuminuria which is also independently associated with increased exposure to abacavir and HIV viral load. Future research on the persistence, progression and management of albuminuria in this unique at-risk population is needed

Comparison of HIV-Related Characteristics and Cumulative ARV Exposure in HIV-infected Subjects with and without Albuminuria.

<p>Comparison of HIV-Related Characteristics and Cumulative ARV Exposure in HIV-infected Subjects with and without Albuminuria.</p

Prevalence of microalbuminuria in HIV-infected subjects with diabetes (HIV/DM), HIV-infected subjects without diabetes (HIV) and subjects with diabetes without HIV infection (DM).

<p>P values represent pairwise comparisons by chi-square.</p

Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Subjects with HIV, Diabetes and both HIV and Diabetes.

†<p>data available on 43 subjects,</p>a<p>– p-value for HIV+ diabetes+ versus HIV+.</p>b<p>– p value for HIV+ diabetes+ versus diabetes+.</p>c<p>– p value for HIV+ versus diabetes+.</p