Development And Evaluation Of Matrix Controlled Release Formulations Of Ketoprofen

The present study was conducted to investigate the suitability of various hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers or their combination, as matrix forming materials for the development of a controlled release tablet formulation of ketoprofen with in vitro and in vivo performance comparable to that of the marketed preparation Apo-Keto SR® tablets. In this regard a number of matrix controlled release formulations of ketoprofen tablets were developed using different hydrophilic, hydrophobic and mixtures of both polymeric materials. All the formulations were prepared by direct compression method. Their in vitro dissolution profiles were compared to that of the commercially available reference product Apo-Keto SR® tablet. Similarity factor (f2), values between test formulations and reference product were also calculated to select the optimum formulation. Out of all the matrix formulations studied, tablets containing 20% HPC (GXF) as matrix former showed comparable dissolution profile to that of the reference. The f2 value between reference and matrix tablets with 20% HPC (GXF) was 78.0%, and hence it was selected for further investigation. The drug release from reference and matrix with 20% HPC (GXF) formulation was governed by both diffusion and erosion (anomalous) mechanism as per Korsmeyer-Peppas equation. Moreover, the optimized formulation was found to be stable for a period of 12 months upon storage at 25ºC of room temperature for a long term of stability

Pharmacological impact of microRNAs in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Prevailing insights on molecular pathways, diagnosis, and nanomedicine treatment

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is a disease that most commonly produce tumours from the lining of the epithelial cells of the lips, larynx, nasopharynx, mouth, or oro-pharynx. It is one of the most deadly forms of cancer. About one to two percent of all neo-plasm-related deaths are attributed to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, which is responsible for about six percent of all cancers. MicroRNAs play a critical role in cell proliferation, differentiation, tumorigenesis, stress response, triggering apoptosis, and other physiological process. MicroRNAs regulate gene expression and provide new diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic options for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. In this work, the role of molecular signaling pathways related to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is emphasized. We also provide an overview of MicroRNA downregulation and overexpression and its role as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. In recent years, MicroRNA nano-based therapies for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma have been explored. In addition, nanotechnology-based alternatives have been discussed as a promising strategy in exploring therapeutic paradigms aimed at improving the efficacy of conventional cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents against head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and attenuating their cytotoxicity. This article also provides information on ongoing and recently completed clinical trials for therapies based on nanotechnology

Modulation of immune response by nanoparticle-based immunotherapy against food allergens

The increasing prevalence of food allergies worldwide and the subsequent life-threatening anaphylactic reactions often have sparse treatment options, providing only symptomatic relief. Great strides have been made in research and in clinics in recent years to offer novel therapies for the treatment of allergic disorders. However, current allergen immunotherapy has its own shortcomings in terms of long-term efficacy and safety, due to the local side effects and the possibility of anaphylaxis. Allergen-specific immunotherapy is an established therapy in treating allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis, and allergic conjunctivitis. It acts through the downregulation of T cell, and IgE-mediated reactions, as well as desensitization, a process of food tolerance without any allergic events. This would result in a protective reaction that lasts for approximately 3 years, even after the withdrawal of therapy. Furthermore, allergen-specific immunotherapy also exploits several routes such as oral, sublingual, and epicutaneous immunotherapy. As the safety and efficacy of allergen immunotherapy are still under research, the exploration of newer routes such as intra-lymphatic immunotherapy would address unfulfilled needs. In addition, the existence of nanoparticles can be exploited immensely in allergen immunotherapy, which would lead to safer and efficacious therapy. This manuscript highlights a novel drug delivery method for allergen-specific immunotherapy that involves the administration of specific allergens to the patients in gradual increasing doses, to induce desensitization and tolerance, as well as emphasizing different routes of administration, mechanism, and the application of nanoparticles in allergen-specific immunotherapy

Bioequivalence evaluation of two different controlled release matrix formulations of ketoprofen tablets in healthy malaysian volunteers

The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo behavior of matrix tablets formulated with ketoprofen as a model drug after oral administrations in healthy Malaysian male volunteers and to compare its rate and extent of absorption with the commercially available tablet Apo-Keto SR® as a reference product. The test formulation containing 20 % HPC (GXF) as release retardant was selected in this regards. The bioequivalence study was conducted according to a single dose, randomized, 2-treatment, 2-sequence, 2-period crossover study design on six healthy non-smoking Malaysian adult male volunteers. Plasma concentrations of ketoprofen were determined by a high-performance liquid chromatographic method with UV detection. The pharmacokinetic parameters, Tmax , Cmax , AUC0–∞, Ke , and T1/2 were determined. The 90 % confidence intervals of the mean values for the test/reference ratios were 96.89-107.03 % for AUC0–∞ and 99.64-104.62 % for Cmax , respectively. The results of this study suggest that the two preparations, the test formulation of ketoprofen 200 mg tablets were bioequivalent to the marketed reference tablet of Apo-Keto SR® 200 mg in these healthy Malaysian male volunteers. However, this study results are to be further confirmed by carrying out a pivotal biostudy using more number of subjects.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

IV MEROPENEM CAUSED MARKED ELEVATION OF ALT & ALP IN CRITICALY ILL PATIENT: A CASE REPORT

ABSTRACT A 37 year old Malay man admitted in GICU for intra-abdominal sepsis secondary to perforated appendix and had undergone multiple laparotomy. He had no known past-medical history and his father was died of colon cancer. In the GICU, he was treated with high dose of IV Meropenem for two weeks. There were sudden increased from baseline in patient alanine transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) five days after the initiation of therapy. Naranjo causality assessment was 5, indicated probable adverse drug reaction. IV Meropenem was then stopped after two weeks from the initiation of therapy and it was noted that serum level of ALT and ALP were gradually decreased

Hesperidin-Loaded Lipid Polymer Hybrid Nanoparticles for Topical Delivery of Bioactive Drugs

Hesperidin is a bioflavonoid constituent that among many other biological activities shows significant wound healing properties. However, the bioavailability of hesperidin when applied topically is limited due to its low solubility and systemic absorption, so novel dosage forms are needed to improve its therapeutic efficacy. The objectives of this study were to develop hesperidin-loaded lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (HLPHNs) to enhance the delivery of hesperidin to endogenous sites in the wound bed and promote the efficacy of hesperidin. HLPHNs were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) using the Box-Behnken design. HLPHNs were prepared using an emulsion-solvent evaporation method based on a double emulsion of water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) followed by freeze-drying to obtain nanoparticles. The prepared formulations were characterized using various evaluation parameters. In addition, the antioxidant activity of HLPHN 4 was investigated in vitro using the DPPH model. Seventeen different HLPHNs were prepared and the HLPHN4 exhibited the best mean particle size distribution, zeta potential, drug release and entrapment efficiency. The values are 91.43 nm, +23 mV, 79.97% and 92.8%, respectively. Transmission electron microscope showed similar spherical morphology as HLPHN4. Differential scanning calorimetry verified the physical stability of the loaded drug in a hybrid system. In vitro release studies showed uniform release of the drug over 24 h. HLPHN4 showed potent antioxidant activity in vitro in the DPPH model. The results of this study suggest that HLPHNs can achieve sustained release of the drug at the wound site and exhibit potent in vitro antioxidant activity

A Review of Moisturizers; History, Preparation, Characterization and Applications

Moisturizers are one of the most widely used preparations in cosmetics and have been extensively used to soften the skin for consumers. Moisturizers work effectively in combating dry skin which may cause pain, tightness, itch, stinging, and/or tingling. The aim of this review is to evaluate published studies on the history, ingredients, preparation processes, characteristics, uses, and applications of moisturizers. Moisturizers bridge the gap between medicine and consumer goods by being used to make the skin more beautiful and healthy. In the future, in moisturizer therapy, the capacity to adapt specific agents to specific dermatological demands will be crucial. Cosmetically, moisturizers make the skin smooth by the mechanism of increasing the water content in the stratum corneum, hence exerting its most vital action, which is moisturizing action and maintaining a normal skin pH

STUDIES ON POLY HERBAL POWDER SHAMPOO FOR THE TREATMENT OF PEDICULOSIS CAPITIS AND PITYRIASIS CAPITIS INFESTATIONS

Objective: The main objective of this study was to formulation containing poly herbal medicinal plants, which gives safety, efficacy; rectify the skin disease, scalp disorders and reducing harmful effect from herbal anti-lice and dandruff shampoos for the treatment of Pediculosis capitis and Pityriasis capitis and to prevent hair fall. Methods: The formulation of herbal shampoo with various herbal ingredients were dried, milled, sieved (120#) and mixed in geometrical order and evaluated their physicochemical characteristics. Furthermore, particle characters, organoleptic properties, foaming index, skin irritation study, and Anti-lice activity were performed.  Results: The prepared poly herbal powdered shampoo (PHPS) exhibits that was freely soluble, particle 20-25 μm size range and free flowing powder. Lest moisture content (2.5%), ash value, acid value and reduced surface tension of liquid referred as an ideal candidate for foaming, anti-lice potential with no skin irritations. Conclusion: Based on the evaluation parameters, the prepared powdered shampoo helps to remove hair grease, no hair fall and strengthen hair follicles. Preparation of PHPS formulation at laboratory scale and the compounding of several ingredients of herbal source have produced it possible to ensure safety, efficacy and secure highly effective PHPS

A Review of Moisturizers; History, Preparation, Characterization and Applications

Moisturizers are one of the most widely used preparations in cosmetics and have been extensively used to soften the skin for consumers. Moisturizers work effectively in combating dry skin which may cause pain, tightness, itch, stinging, and/or tingling. The aim of this review is to evaluate published studies on the history, ingredients, preparation processes, characteristics, uses, and applications of moisturizers. Moisturizers bridge the gap between medicine and consumer goods by being used to make the skin more beautiful and healthy. In the future, in moisturizer therapy, the capacity to adapt specific agents to specific dermatological demands will be crucial. Cosmetically, moisturizers make the skin smooth by the mechanism of increasing the water content in the stratum corneum, hence exerting its most vital action, which is moisturizing action and maintaining a normal skin pH