Two Fallacies In Approching The Current Crisis

Present study aims to reveal a few of the main perceptions and assumptions concerning economic activity, with implications in the nowadays’ crisis. The most important current anti-crisis views on causes of the crisis are synthesized and critically reviewed. Methodologically, their interpretation is made by the effects in practice, alleging a wide interdisciplinary approach, consistent with the requirements of the European concept of knowledge society. Thus, ideas are brought in the economic analysis in a heterodox approach, trying to go beyond certain standard economic routines and into modelling. The model comes from an approach on the material-immaterial difference and has an answer to the dilemma consumption vs. economizing. There result prerequisites for economic analysis, as well as conclusions in a pro-active approach of the matter, which are generally applicable to the crisis management at macroeconomic level, but with implications at the level of individual economic agent, too.economic crises, sustainable development, immaterial economy, productivity

Marketing, Liberalist Spirit and Nature

The paper aims finding some fundamental explanations for the decaying of the competition and planetary environment, in the conditions of the mature actual market economy – based on the principles of the knowledge-based economy. The approach starts from the manner of reward, on the market, for the human activities, with respect to famous cases. The nature of the values rewarded by the strict market mechanisms is underlined. The opening is made, in this matter, to the requirement of widening the horizon and the criterial system of the economy, by interdisciplinarity – in the purpose of raising the analysis above the strict economic angle (in the narrow sense) from the period of industrialization, to levels that are consistent with the knowledge society: in the purpose of achieving a knowledge based economy. Showing some relevant facts from the economic actuality is the opportunity to question of the strictly economic criteria (on the short and medium run), rather than long and very long run sustainability, social cohesion, environment and other major goals. Essential effects of the unrestricted market mechanisms are exemplified; they need reconsidering the essences of liberalism. Analysis uses the French physiocrat origins of the liberalism and reveals the embezzlements made by the Anglo-Saxon thought, starting with classical economics. Such changes (mistakes) are approached like being capital for the whole evolution of economic thought and of the life that is today more and more focussed on “the economic moral”. This analysis is made by using the contribution of the biggest Romanian economists: Mihail Manoilescu and Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen, who are put one near the other in an original way (searching for their communion of ideas). From this angle – and using the relevant plusses of effectiveness in the economies of the most evolved countries in the law state matter – the role of social organization (regulations) on different levels is a corollary for assuring the functionality of the economy. Paper deliberately does not avoid the ethical aspects (like the restrictive economics does), but is declaring them like components of the human life that cannot be ignored, being organically adequate to the liberal spirit.The conclusions go to the meanings of productivity and of the economic activity in general, revealing the idea of the servicity indicator (that is developed in other author’s researches) and a main request: the superior principles of the humanism of the genuine liberalism should not be abandoned to the Godfearless (unscrupulous) cunning business.market economy, liberalism, regulation, Anglo-Saxon classicism, productivity, environment

THEORETICAL GROUNDS FOR SOME MAIN ISSUES OF THE INTEGRATED EUROPE AND OF THE KNOWLEDGE BASED ECONOMY IN THE ROMANIAN ECONOMIC THOUGHT

Paper underlines some essential elements of the economic thought of some most important Romanian economists of the 20th century, reconsidering them in the actual European knowledge society.Methodologically, the paper resorts to the roots of the genuinemarket liberalism, productivity, ecological economy, Romanian economic thought

How Can the Actuarial Reduction for Social Security Early Retirement Be Right?

Traditionally Social Security's Normal Retirement Age has been 65, but for the last 45 years both men and women have had the option to claim benefits at the Early Eligibility Age (EEA) of 62. In exchange for claiming early, individuals receive a smaller monthly benefit. The legislation that established the EEA reduced benefits by 5/9 of 1 percent for each month before age 65, so that a person claiming at age 62 would face a 20 percent [(5/9)*36] reduction. This publication explains the factor of 5/9 and why it has remained constant since the establishment of the EEA.

Completions to Marshallian Out-Look, Consistent With Knowledge Based Economy

Paper aims at bringing completions to the neoclassical viewpoint in Economics, in the purpose of better according economic research to the actual needs of the economy. Research starts from certain principles of widening economic logics, involving recent economic realities and tendencies, in an interdisciplinary approach, with implications and emphasis mostly on the social field, sustainability and environment. The developments Alfred Marshall brought to the neoclassical approach (taking-back his contributions for the connections between classicism and neo-classicism) are furthered, in extensions suitable to knowledge society. More recent contributions of different fields of sciences are invoked. Results are in reminding certain almost forgotten precepts of genuine liberalism, – which are the essence of the approach of servicity – and defining the adequate new angles of approaching realities in economics, in principles and pertinent proposals consistent with knowledge-based economy.knowledge based economy, sustainability, long run, servicity, A. Marshall

KEY ASPECTS OF ANALYSIS ON THE IMPACT OF RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN HEALTH SERVICES IN THE WESTERN REGION OF ROMANIA

The paper aims to establish the principal correlations and positions of the tertiary sector in the Romanian economy, for realistic assessment of the actions, decisions and developments in this field. The research starts from the statistical analysis regarding the current condition and the importance of services, calculating dynamics and relevant percentages. It is also detailed the situation of health services in the western region. Its being inventoried some of the latest developments and of most impact, within them. The effects of government policies are viewed from the angle of influence on economic activity, being performed a SWOT analysis adequate to the current situation. Attention is paid both to the direct impact, in the field, and the indirect one, in the economic life ensemble and society as a whole, short and long term. The research results highlight the economic situation of Romania and the way in which economic activity is in close contact with the health system.Tertiary sector, medical services, health reform, economic development, sustainable development

MAJOR MISUNDERSTANDINGS IN ECONOMIC CRISES, IN THE LIGHT OF KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY

Present study reviews certain main pro-active approaches and connections. Searching for root concepts, a number of current views on causes of today’s crisis are selected. They are viewed through the criterion of their effects in practice, in a heterodox approach which is a critique of standard economic routine. Connections are made with the intellectual core of the knowledge society, in the context of the required interdisciplinary character of the scientific act. Requests for the economic analysis result: the economists should judge by a broader horizon. Practical conclusions also ensue, being generally applicable to the crisis management at macroeconomic and microeconomic level.economic crises, growth, intellectual factor, knowledge society

A comparison of the use of normal saline versus Ringer`s lactate in the fluid resuscitation of diabetic ketoacidosis

OBJECTIVE To determine whether there are differences in time to resolution of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and in the occurrence of biochemical abnormalities in adult patients who received either normal saline or Ringer’s lactate as initial fluid resuscitation. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This prospective observational study compared outcomes in patients who received either normal saline (n=22) or Ringer’s lactate (n=18) as initial fluid therapy during the acute management of DKA. RESULTS Median time to resolution of DKA did not differ between the two groups [normal saline 18.5 hours (IQR 9-25) compared to Ringer’s lactate 17 hours (IQR 10-24); p=0.23]. There were also no significant differences in the incidence of hypernatraemia, hyperchloraemia or worsening acidosis between the groups. CONCLUSION Either normal saline or Ringer’s lactate may be used as initial fluid resuscitation in DKA as neither fluid conferred a benefit in time to resolution of DKA or in the occurrence of biochemical abnormalities