Time-controlled neighborhood-driven policy-based network selection algorithm for message dissemination in hybrid vehicular networks

In vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), successful delivery of GeoUnicast and GeoBroadcast packets depends on scenario-specific aspects like vehicle density, distribution of vehicles on the road and type of the environment (e.g., urban, rural). These aspects can significantly influence the reliability of the connection between communication parties making traditional ITS-G5 based ad hoc networks unreliable. The absence of communication partners in range, long transmission distances, non-line-of-sight (NLOS) conditions are just a few examples that could hinder ITS-G5 transmissions. In this paper, we propose a Hybrid Policy-based Network Selection Algorithm that uses LTE to strengthen and complement ITS-G5 under critical conditions in which successful transmission over the ad hoc network is highly unlikely. The main objective is to use as less LTE transmissions as possible whilst maintaining high Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) within defined delay constraints. The results, which are derived from extensive simulation campaigns, show a clear advantage of using the hybrid scheme over solely ITS-G5 or LTE. Document type: Conference objec

The German National Pandemic Cohort Network (NAPKON): rationale, study design and baseline characteristics

Schons M, Pilgram L, Reese J-P, et al. The German National Pandemic Cohort Network (NAPKON): rationale, study design and baseline characteristics. European Journal of Epidemiology . 2022.The German government initiated the Network University Medicine (NUM) in early 2020 to improve national research activities on the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. To this end, 36 German Academic Medical Centers started to collaborate on 13 projects, with the largest being the National Pandemic Cohort Network (NAPKON). The NAPKON's goal is creating the most comprehensive Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) cohort in Germany. Within NAPKON, adult and pediatric patients are observed in three complementary cohort platforms (Cross-Sectoral, High-Resolution and Population-Based) from the initial infection until up to three years of follow-up. Study procedures comprise comprehensive clinical and imaging diagnostics, quality-of-life assessment, patient-reported outcomes and biosampling. The three cohort platforms build on four infrastructure core units (Interaction, Biosampling, Epidemiology, and Integration) and collaborations with NUM projects. Key components of the data capture, regulatory, and data privacy are based on the German Centre for Cardiovascular Research. By April 01, 2022, 34 university and 40 non-university hospitals have enrolled 5298 patients with local data quality reviews performed on 4727 (89%). 47% were female, the median age was 52 (IQR 36-62-) and 50 pediatric cases were included. 44% of patients were hospitalized, 15% admitted to an intensive care unit, and 12% of patients deceased while enrolled. 8845 visits with biosampling in 4349 patients were conducted by April 03, 2022. In this overview article, we summarize NAPKON's design, relevant milestones including first study population characteristics, and outline the potential of NAPKON for German and international research activities.Trial registration https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04768998 . https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04747366 . https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04679584. © 2022. The Author(s)

Fahrzeug-Umwelt-Vernetzung Adaptive verteilte Diensteplattform: Vortrag gehalten auf dem Innovation Forum Embedded Systems, 23.4.2010, München

Um die Anzahl der Verkehrstoten weiter zu reduzieren, werden über konventionelle passive Sicherheitssysteme hinaus Fahrerassistenzsysteme zur aktiven Sicherheit entwickelt. Ein viel versprechender Ansatz ist die drahtlose Vernetzung der Fahrzeuge untereinander und mit ihrer Umgebung. Dabei werden dem Fahrer bzw. dem Fahrzeug unterschiedliche Dienste zur aktiven Sicherheit, Verkehrseffizienz und Infotainment zur Verfügung gestellt. Eine Grundvoraussetzung für die Diensteplattform ist die Selbstbeschreibung der Dienste, deren Anforderungen und der vorhandenen Infrastrukturelemente (Roadside Units), wie unterschiedliche Rechenleistung und Schnittstellenausstattung. Im Rahmen eines Forschungsprojektes wird untersucht, inwiefern unter Berücksichtigung der Anforderungen an die Dienste und der unterschiedlichen Ausstattung der Roadside Units eine optimale Verteilung der Dienste auf die Roadside Units erreicht werden kann. Dabei wird trotz der Einhaltung der Anforderungen an die Dienste die vorhandene heterogene Infrastruktur optimal genutzt

Software implementieren und absichern: Mit Modellierung zum schnelleren Prototyping

Ein plötzliches Verkehrshindernis kann zur Gefahr werden. Vor allem dann, wenn es Autofahrer zu spät wahrnehmen und es nicht schaffen, rechtzeitig darauf zu reagieren. Ein Gefahrenwarner kann dem vorbeugen. Jedoch sind solche fahrzeugübergreifenden Funktionen sehr komplex: Sie erfordern neue Entwicklungsansätze und Entwicklungswerkzeuge. Das heißt vor allem, dass vernetzte Fahrfunktionen schon früh im Entwurf simuliert und getestet werden sollten

Low-Delay Forwarding with Multiple Candidates for VANETs Using Multi-Criteria Decision Making

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are envisioned to support driver assistance and automated driving posing strict requirements on communication reliability and delay. To support these applications, we propose Low Delay Forwarding with Multiple Candidates (LDMC), a geographic routing approach combining the advantages of sender-based control and opportunistic forwarding. Candidates are ranked based on position, time since the last status update and neighborhood information using multi-criteria decision making. Priority-dependent timers reduce the contention among forwarders. Our evaluation for freeway and grid scenarios shows substantial improvement over existing protocols for real-time applications requiring 100 ms or less end-to-end delay

Cooperative glare reduction using V2V radio technology

A lot of vehicle accidents happen at night under poor lighting conditions. Thus, automobile manufacturers have started to deploy elaborate assistance systems to help drivers by illuminating the road in the right spot at the right time. A subcomponent of such systems are highbeam assistance systems which automatically enable or disable a vehicle's highbeam headlights, depending on the detection of upcoming traffic. Consequently, no driver is blinded while almost optimal illumination conditions are still achieved. We present an approach that - in contrast to the state of the art - does not require a direct line of sight between vehicles on opposing lanes to work, as it relies on V2V radio technology. A prototypical implementation and an evaluation of test runs for the ETSI use case of cooperative glare reduction are provided. Our results show that this method achieves equal to better results concerning blinding times for the driver compared to a camerabased system

Evaluation Methodology for Cooperative ADAS Utilizing Simulation and Experiments

Wireless vehicular networks are to be deployed in both Europe and the USA within upcoming years. Such networks introduce a new promising source of information about vehicular environments to be used by cooperative advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). However, development and evaluation of such cooperative ADAS is still challenging. Hence, we introduce a novel methodology for their development and evaluation processes. It is applied to evaluate the fulfillment of requirements on position accuracy information within exchanged messages. Such requirements are only roughly defined and not sufficiently evaluated in field tests. This holds especially for Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) optimized for maximum integrity of obtained positions. Such configuration is required to increase robustness and reliability of safety critical ADAS. We find that pure GNSS-based positioning cannot fulfill position accuracy requirements of studied ADAS in most test cases

An Evaluation Methodology for VANET Applications Combining Simulation and Multi-sensor Experiments

Wireless vehicular networks are in the wake of mass deployment both in Europe and the USA. These networks introduce a new promising source of information about vehicular environments usable by cooperative advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). However, development and evaluation of such ADAS is still challenging. Thus, we propose a methodology for their development and evaluation process. It is applied to evaluate the fulfillment of requirements on position accuracy information within the communicated data sets. Accuracy requirements are only roughly defined and not sufficiently evaluated in real world environments. This holds especially for GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) optimized for maximum integrity of obtained positions, which is required for safety critical ADAS to increase robustness and reliability. Our main goal is to determine whether position accuracy provided by GNSS is sufficient for cooperative ADAS. Thereby, we find that pure GNSS input cannot fulfill position accuracy requirements in most test cases