Table_1_High-Density Mapping of an Adult-Plant Stripe Rust Resistance Gene YrBai in Wheat Landrace Baidatou Using the Whole Genome DArTseq and SNP Analysis.xlsx

<p>Stripe rust, caused by the biotrophic fungus Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is one of the most widespread and destructive wheat diseases worldwide. Growing resistant cultivars is an effective approach for controlling this disease. However, because host resistance genes were easily overcome by new virulent Pst races, there is a continuous demand for identifying new effective wheat stripe rust resistance genes and develop closely linked markers for marker-assisted selection (MAS). Baidatou, an old Chinese wheat landrace, has been grown for several decades in Longnan region, Gansu Province, where stripe rust epidemics are frequent and severe. In our previous study, a single dominant gene YrBai in Baidatou was identified to control the adult-plant resistance (APR) to Chinese prevalent Pst race CYR33. And the gene was located on wheat chromosome 6DS by four polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) and two sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers, with the genetic distances of two closely linked markers 3.6 and 5.4 cM, respectively. To further confirm the APR gene in Baidatou and construct the high-density map for the resistance gene, adult plants of F₁, F₂, F₃, and F_5:6 populations derived from the cross Mingxian169/Baidatou and two parents were inoculated with CYR33 at Yangling field, Shaanxi Province during 2014–2015, 2015–2016, and 2016–2017 crop seasons, respectively. The field evaluation results indicated that a single dominant gene confers the APR to Pst race CYR33 in Baidatou. 92 F₃ lines and parents were sequenced using DArTseq technology based on wheat GBS1.0 platform, and 31 genetic maps consisted of 2,131 polymorphic SilicoDArT and 952 SNP markers spanning 4,293.94 cM were constructed. Using polymorphic SilicoDArT, SNP markers and infection types (ITs) data of F₃ lines, the gene YrBai was further located in 0.8 cM region on wheat chromosome 6D. These closely linked markers developed in this study should be useful for MAS for Baidatou in crop improvement and map-based clone this gene.</p

Table_2_High-Density Mapping of an Adult-Plant Stripe Rust Resistance Gene YrBai in Wheat Landrace Baidatou Using the Whole Genome DArTseq and SNP Analysis.xlsx

<p>Stripe rust, caused by the biotrophic fungus Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is one of the most widespread and destructive wheat diseases worldwide. Growing resistant cultivars is an effective approach for controlling this disease. However, because host resistance genes were easily overcome by new virulent Pst races, there is a continuous demand for identifying new effective wheat stripe rust resistance genes and develop closely linked markers for marker-assisted selection (MAS). Baidatou, an old Chinese wheat landrace, has been grown for several decades in Longnan region, Gansu Province, where stripe rust epidemics are frequent and severe. In our previous study, a single dominant gene YrBai in Baidatou was identified to control the adult-plant resistance (APR) to Chinese prevalent Pst race CYR33. And the gene was located on wheat chromosome 6DS by four polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) and two sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers, with the genetic distances of two closely linked markers 3.6 and 5.4 cM, respectively. To further confirm the APR gene in Baidatou and construct the high-density map for the resistance gene, adult plants of F₁, F₂, F₃, and F_5:6 populations derived from the cross Mingxian169/Baidatou and two parents were inoculated with CYR33 at Yangling field, Shaanxi Province during 2014–2015, 2015–2016, and 2016–2017 crop seasons, respectively. The field evaluation results indicated that a single dominant gene confers the APR to Pst race CYR33 in Baidatou. 92 F₃ lines and parents were sequenced using DArTseq technology based on wheat GBS1.0 platform, and 31 genetic maps consisted of 2,131 polymorphic SilicoDArT and 952 SNP markers spanning 4,293.94 cM were constructed. Using polymorphic SilicoDArT, SNP markers and infection types (ITs) data of F₃ lines, the gene YrBai was further located in 0.8 cM region on wheat chromosome 6D. These closely linked markers developed in this study should be useful for MAS for Baidatou in crop improvement and map-based clone this gene.</p

Comparison of demographic and clinical features of 17 fatal and 9 nonfatal H5N1 cases, China.

*<p>Medians were compared between fatal and survival cases with the Wilcoxon rank sum test. For categorical variables, percentages of cases in each category were compared with Fisher's exact test.</p>†<p>NA demotes not applicable.</p>‡<p>Two fatal H5N1 cases had underlying medical conditions, including a 24-year-old pregnant woman <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0002985#pone.0002985-Shu1" target="_blank">[28]</a> and a 16-year-old male with a 10-year history of minimal change glomerulopathy. Two surviving H5N1 cases had underlying medical conditions, including a 26-year-old pregnant woman and a 44-year-old female with a ten-year history of chronic bronchitis [unpublished data, China CDC].</p>#<p>A higher proportion of cases survived that received any antiviral treatment compared to those that did not receive antivirals (67% [8/12 patients] vs 7% [1/14 patients], p = 0.003), and with a positive linear association: the Gamma coefficient equals 0.664 (p = 0.005) which indicate a positive correlation between antiviral therapy and disease outcome.</p>$<p>High-dose corticosteroid use was defined as ≥250 mg hydrocortisone or equivalent intravenous (IV) administration daily. For children <13 years old, high-dose corticosteroid use was defined as ≥5 mg hydrocortisone or equivalent IV/kg/day.</p>¶<p>[]: Indicates denominators for testing of fewer cases than full group.</p

Laboratory findings of 26 H5N1 cases^* on initial testing, at hospital admission, and during hospitalization, China.

*<p>Indicates denominators for testing of fewer cases than full group.</p>†<p>Abbreviations and normal range: WBC, white blood cell, 4.0–10.0×10⁹ cells per L, leukopenia (abnormal) was defined as leukocyte count less than 4×10⁹ per L; LYM, lymphocyte count, 0.8–4.0×10⁹ cells per L, lymphopenia (abnormal) was defined as lymphocyte count less than 0.8×10⁹ per L; PLT, platelet count, 100–300×10⁹ platelets per L, thrombocytopenia (abnormal) was defined as platelet count less than 100×10⁹ per L.</p>‡<p>Abbreviations and normal range: ALT, alanine aminotrasferase, 0.0–45.0 U/L; AST, aspartate aminotransferase, 0–45 U/L; Albumin, 35.0–55.0g/L; Creatinine, 36.0–144.0 µmol/L; CK, creatine kinase, 25–190 U/L, abnormal was defined as >130 IU/L for males and >110 IU/L for females; CK-MB, creatine phosphokinase isoenzymes, 0–25 U/L; LDH, Lactic dehydrogenase, 110–250 U/L; Plasma glucose concentration, 3.33–5.55 mmol/L for <15 years, 3.89–5.83 mmol/L for adults (16–59 years), 4.44–6.38 mmol/L for age >60 years, hyperglycemia (abnormal) was defined as plasma glucose concentration above the upper limit.</p>#<p>Abbreviations and normal range: PT, prothrombin time, 11–13 second, abnormal was defined as 3 seconds longer than the upper range of normal; APTT, activated partial thromboplastin time, 26–36 second, abnormal was defined as 3 seconds longer than the upper range of normal; FIB, fibrinogen, 2.0–4.0 g/L, abnormal was defined as <2.0 g/L.</p>§<p>Normal ranges: total protein (below 120 mg/L); red blood cells (0 to 1 per average high powered field [HPF×400)); white blood cells (1–4 per HPF×400)</p>¶¶<p>NA demotes not applicable.</p

Initial chest radiographic findings and progression during hospitalization of 26 H5N1 cases, China.

*<p>NA demotes not applicable</p

Progression of pulmonary disease in chest radiographs from adult (35-year-old male, Panels A day 6 and B day 23 of illness) and pediatric (6-year-old male, Panels C day 6 and D day 14 of illness) H5N1 cases.

<p>Progression of pulmonary disease in chest radiographs from adult (35-year-old male, Panels A day 6 and B day 23 of illness) and pediatric (6-year-old male, Panels C day 6 and D day 14 of illness) H5N1 cases.</p