Epitope Mapping of Lysozyme Using the Chinese Egg-Allergic Sera at Both Pooled and Individual Levels

To accurately map the B-cell linear epitopes of lysozyme (LYS) in eggs, five bioinformatics tools were first used to obtain the mimotopes. Afterward, based on the Chinese egg-allergic sera samples screened by the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent, the epitopes possessing the capability of binding to IgG/IgE were mapped at both pooled and individual levels by using overlapping peptides covering the complete amino acid sequence of LYS. Six B-cell linear epitopes and two dominant B-cell linear epitopes that could bind to LYS-sIgG were mapped for the first time. Seven IgE-binding epitopes and three dominant IgE-binding epitopes were also obtained. Furthermore, AA31–34 and AA88–91 were the shared dominant epitopes of LYS-sIgG and LYS-sIgE at pooled and individual levels. Overall, the mapped B-cell linear epitopes filled in the gaps in the study of LYS epitopes, and the results may provide theoretical support for the following immunotherapy of egg allergy

Characteristics of included studies about CD cases diagnosed by biopsy and a GFD.

<p>+ positive; -negative</p><p>Abbreviations: NA, Not available in the content of the study; CD, celiac disease; RCD, refractory celiac disease; GFD, gluten-free diet;</p><p>IgA AGA: IgA anti-gliadin antibodies; IgG AGA: IgG anti-gliadin antibodies; IgA EMA: IgA anti-endomysial antibodies; IgG EMA: IgG anti-endomysial antibodies; IgA ARA: IgA anti-reticulin antibodies; IgG ARA: IgG anti-reticulin antibodies; IgA tTGs: IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase; IgG tTGs: IgG anti-tissue transglutaminase.</p><p>Three out of four original papers were on screening CD in at-risk groups in China, chronic diarrhea patients <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0081151#pone.0081151-Jiang1" target="_blank">[22]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0081151#pone.0081151-Wang1" target="_blank">[24]</a>, diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome, and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0081151#pone.0081151-Wu1" target="_blank">[25]</a>. In the table, we only show the characteristics of suspected CD patients in these at-risk groups. Another original paper <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0081151#pone.0081151-Freeman1" target="_blank">[19]</a> was about CD in Asian-Canadian adults, one out of 14 adult CD cases was born in Northern China in 1924 and then emigrated from China to Canada in 1973. Sun F <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0081151#pone.0081151-Sun1" target="_blank">[26]</a> reported two CD cases, but one case was of European descent.</p

The frequencies and weightings of HLA- DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 antigens in the Chinese population.

<p>A: HLA-DQ2; B: HLA-DQ8. Antigen frequency  =  sum of each individual antigen/n, where n  =  total number of subjects. Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval. The data sources are given in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0081151#pone.0081151.s002" target="_blank">Table S2</a>.</p

The per capita annual consumption of wheat and rice in rural households and urban households in 2009.

<p>In rural areas, the rice and wheat consumption are calculated on a dry, rough (unprocessed, unhusked or unmilled) weight basis. In urban households, the rice and wheat flour consumption are calculated on a processed (husked or milled) weight basis. Data sources (2010): China Yearbook of Rural Household Survey; Gansu Development Yearbook; Xinjiang Production & Construction Group Statistical Yearbook; Statistics yearbooks from different provinces (Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Jilin, Henan, Shaanxi, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Guangdong).</p

The DQB1*0201 allele frequency and its weighting in Chinese populations.

<p>Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval. The data sources are given in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0081151#pone.0081151.s003" target="_blank">Table S3</a>.</p

The frequencies and weightings of HLA-DQ2.5 and HLA-DQ8 haplotypes in the Chinese population.

<p>A: HLA-DQ2.5; B: HLA-DQ8. Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval. The data sources are given in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0081151#pone.0081151.s001" target="_blank">Table S1</a>.</p

Flow diagram for search results.

<p>A: Flow chart for search results of celiac disease cases in the Chinese population. B: Flow chart for search results of CD-predisposing gene frequencies in the Chinese population. n, number of records; *In cases with both DQB1*0201 and DQB1*0201/02 allele frequencies of individuals from the same province, only the data of the DQB1*0201 allele were included in this research; ^#Four records included data on haplotypes and DQB1*0201 or DQB1*0201/02.</p

The frequency of DQB1*0201 or DQB1*0201/02 in Chinese populations.

<p>A: The DQB1*0201 or DQB1*0201/02 allele frequency in Chinese populations originated from inhabitants of 21 regions. The data from Jiangsu give the frequency of DQB1*0201/02, and the data from the other 20 regions are the frequency of DQB1*0201; B: The DQB1*0201 or DQB1*0201/02 allele frequencies of 21 ethnic minorities originated from nine geographic regions, and for the Han from 14 specific regions. The data for the Ewenki (Inner Mongolia), Dong (Guizhou), Miao (Guizhou), Jing (Guangxi), Naxi (Yunnan), Bai (Yunnan), Yao (Yunnan), and Han (Jiangsu) are the frequencies for DQB1*0201/02, and the others are the frequencies for DQB1*0201. The data sources are given in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0081151#pone.0081151.s003" target="_blank">Table S3</a> and <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0081151#pone.0081151.s004" target="_blank">Table S4</a>.</p