Additional file 1 of Serum metabolite profiling reveals metabolic characteristics of sepsis patients using LC/MS-based metabolic profiles: a cross-sectional study

Supplementary Material

Multifunctional Hydrogels Prepared by Dual Ion Cross-Linking for Chronic Wound Healing

The creation of a moist environment and promotion of blood vessel formation are critical for wound healing. Sodium alginate (SA) hydrogel, which has good biocompatibility and is able to provide a moist environment, has been widely used as a wound dressing. However, it lacks antibacterial ability and bioactivities, which would facilitate chronic wound healing. On the basis of the gelation characteristics of SA and the bioactive hardystonite (HS) bioceramic, we designed a unique, bioactive, injectable composite hydrogel through double ion cross-linking, in which divalent ions, such as Ca²⁺ and Zn²⁺ function as cross-linkers; Zn²⁺ also functions as an antibacterial component and as nutrition for wound healing, and Si ions play a key role in determining the bioactivity of the hydrogel. With the controlled release of divalent ions, such as Ca²⁺ and Zn²⁺ from HS, the gelation process of the composite hydrogel could be efficiently controlled. In addition, in vitro results reveal that the composite hydrogel stimulated proliferation and migration of both human dermal fibroblasts and human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and the in vivo results show that the wound-healing process is obviously enhanced, and the formation of epithelium and blood vessels are evidently advanced. This study indicates the potential of the SA/HS hydrogel as a multifunctional injectable wound dressing with the ability to inhibit bacterial growth and stimulate angiogenesis and wound healing

Hepatic Carcinoma Selective Nucleic Acid Nanovector Assembled by Endogenous Molecules Based on Modular Strategy

We rationally formulated a nucleic acid nanovector platform utilizing endogenous molecules in the following steps: nucleic acids are initially packed by a multifunctional peptide and a cationic liposome to form positively charged ternary complexes through electrostatic interaction; then the ternary complexes were coated with hyaluronic acid (HA) to form negatively charged quaternary nanocomplexes (Q-complexes). Among the components of Q-complexes, the multifunctional peptide was composed of a poly-16-arginine (R₁₆) and a hepatic tumor-targeted cell penetrating peptide (KRPT­MRFR­YTWN­PMK); the cationic lipid component included DOTAP and fusogenic lipid DOPE; the HA component shielded the cationic ternary complexes and actively targeted the CD44 overexpressed on the surface of tumor cells. Q-complexes have showed a relatively high stability in the medium, and HA component partially separated from the nanocomplexes after the Q-complexes bound to the cancer cells. The Q-complexes showed significantly enhanced nucleic acid delivery activity than the corresponding quaternary complexes containing R₁₆ and nonvisible cytotoxicity in SCMM-7721 cells. <i>In vivo</i>, a selected Q-complex HLP₁R specifically targeted and entered tumor cells without affecting normal tissues. Furthermore, HLP₁R wrapped survivin siRNA efficiently and silenced the targeting gene in the liver orthotropic transplantation tumor models and showed nontoxic <i>in vivo</i>. This study reveals that Q-complexes are reasonable and feasible gene therapeutic carriers

The possible protein-binding partners of Hup A selected from tissue lysate.

<p>(a)SDS-PAGE silver staining of the screen results of the possible protein-binding partners of Hup A. 1, Hup A elution solution of positive beads; 2, Hup A elution solution of control beads; 3, positive beads themselves; 4, control beads themselves; 5, Marker. (b)Western blot analysis of the drug-mitochondria ATP synthase possible interaction. 1,mitochondria lysate after interaction with positive beads; 2, 2nd time washing solution of positive beads; 3,3rd time washing solution of positive beads;4, positive beads themselves; 5, mitochondria lysate after interaction with negative beads; 6, 2nd time washing solution of negative beads; 7,3rd time washing solution of negative beads;8, negative beads themselves.</p

Kinetic analysis of SPR between Hup A and MT-ND1.

<p>(a)4–12% SAS-PAGE electrophoresis map of proteins expressed by BL21(DE3) before and after inducement. 1–4 shows the different bands before and after inducement. 1,before inducement; 2,3,4,after inducement. (b)Western blot result of the expressed protein.1–3 shows the bands of loaded proteins with increased volume. C shows the binding curve got from SPR analysis between MT-ND1 and Hup A.</p

Dynamic FDG-PET Imaging to Differentiate Malignancies from Inflammation in Subcutaneous and In Situ Mouse Model for Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (NSCLC)

<div><p>Background</p><p>[¹⁸F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) has been widely used in oncologic procedures such as tumor diagnosis and staging. However, false-positive rates have been high, unacceptable and mainly caused by inflammatory lesions. Misinterpretations take place especially when non-subcutaneous inflammations appear at the tumor site, for instance in the lung. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the use of dynamic PET imaging procedure to differentiate in situ and subcutaneous non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) from inflammation, and estimate the kinetics of inflammations in various locations.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Dynamic FDG-PET was performed on 33 female mice inoculated with tumor and/or inflammation subcutaneously or inside the lung. Standardized Uptake Values (SUVs) from static imaging (SUVmax) as well as values of influx rate constant (<i>Ki</i>) of compartmental modeling from dynamic imaging were obtained. Static and kinetic data from different lesions (tumor and inflammations) or different locations (subcutaneous, in situ and spontaneous group) were compared.</p><p>Results</p><p>Values of SUVmax showed significant difference in subcutaneous tumor and inflammation (<i>p</i><0.01), and in inflammations from different locations (<i>p</i><0.005). However, SUVmax showed no statistical difference between in situ tumor and inflammation (<i>p</i> = 1.0) and among tumors from different locations (subcutaneous and in situ, <i>p</i> = 0.91). Values of <i>Ki</i> calculated from compartmental modeling showed significant difference between tumor and inflammation both subcutaneously (<i>p</i><0.005) and orthotopically (<i>p</i><0.01). <i>Ki</i> showed also location specific values for inflammations (subcutaneous, in situ and spontaneous, <i>p</i><0.015). However, <i>Ki</i> of tumors from different locations (subcutaneous and in situ) showed no significant difference (<i>p</i> = 0.46).</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>In contrast to static PET based SUVmax, both subcutaneous and in situ inflammations and malignancies can be differentiated via dynamic FDG-PET based <i>Ki</i>. Moreover, Values of influx rate constant <i>Ki</i> from compartmental modeling can offer an assessment for inflammations at different locations of the body, which also implies further validation is necessary before the replacement of in situ inflammation with its subcutaneous counterpart in animal experiments.</p></div

Protein list identified by MS from the bands cut down from 4–12% SDS-PAGE silver staining gel.

<p>Protein list identified by MS from the bands cut down from 4–12% SDS-PAGE silver staining gel.</p

The schematic presentation of MP based strategy for identification of Hup A-target interactions.

<p>(a)The attachment of Hup A on the surface of magnetic particles. (b)The strategy of Hup A interacted phages screen from cDNA phage display library. From 1 to 5 was one total round of screening, several rounds of such screen were shown, and the final phages were eluted by Hup A and analyzed. (c)The strategy of Hup A target proteins screen from mice brain tissue lysate. After gel running, the specific protein bands were cut down and identified by MS.</p

Blast result of the gene sequences displayed by all the screened phages.

<p>Blast result of the gene sequences displayed by all the screened phages.</p

Gene sequences displayed by the repeatedly screened phages and blast result.

<p>Gene sequences displayed by the repeatedly screened phages and blast result.</p