Solid-State NMR of CO2 Mineralization and NMR Crystallography

The work described in this dissertation has been accomplished by using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR) spectroscopy to investigate CO2 mineralization and to refine the positions of protons in the crystalline system. The reaction of forsterite (Mg2SiO4) and 13CO2 is presented here, which is measured using in-situ 13C NMR spectroscopy without removing the sample from the reactor. 29Si SSNMR is used to investigate the reaction of forsterite with 13CO2 in the presence of water or NaCl brine as a function of depth in the sample. Additionally, we also show that NMR crystallography can significantly improve structure refinement of hydrogens’ positions in hydrated materials. 13C{1H} rotational-echo double-resonance (REDOR) and 13C chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) tensor values from SSNMR are exploited as the standard in NMR crystallography. The optimized atomic coordinates are validated by comparing DFT prediction to experimental data through 13C{1H} REDOR and 13C CSA tensors. The research presented herein demonstrates that solid-state NMR is a useful tool for studying the CO2 mineralization mechanism and the understanding of the crystalline structure of CO2 mineralization products

Case Study in Cost Saving by CCUS Based on CO2 Transport Cost Model

This study expatiated on the definition of Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) technology, described the current situation of carbon emissions in the world. It analyzed transport costs for two typical projects, Petra Nova carbon capture power project and the Boundary Dam Integrated Carbon Capture and Storage Demonstration, in CO2 Transport Cost Model and compared their risk resistance

Presentations of mapping class groups and an application to cluster algebras from surfaces

In this paper, we give presentations of the mapping class groups of marked surfaces stabilizing boundaries for any genus. Note that in the existing works, the mapping class groups of marked surfaces were the isotopy classes of homeomorphisms fixing boundaries pointwise. The condition for stabilizing boundaries of mapping class groups makes the requirement for mapping class groups to fix boundaries pointwise to be unnecessary. As an application of presentations of the mapping class groups of marked surfaces stabilizing boundaries, we obtain the presentation of the cluster automorphism group of a cluster algebra from a feasible surface $(S,M)$. Lastly, for the case (1) 4-punctured sphere, the cluster automorphism group of a cluster algebra from the surface is characterized. Since cluster automorphism groups of cluster algebras from those surfaces were given in \cite{ASS} in the cases (2) the once-punctured 4-gon and (3) the twice-punctured digon, we indeed give presentations of cluster automorphism groups of cluster algebras from surfaces which are not feasible.Comment: 25 pages, 22 figure

The formation of insurance contract in London market.

The processes involved in the formation of a marine insurance contract are different from the processes by which other types of contracts are formed. The formation of insurance contracts in London Market typically takes the following course: a prospective assured who is seeking the insurance cover approaches a Lloyd's accredited broker. The broker prepares the slip and takes it around the market seeking subscriptions. Then the underwriter, who wishes to participate in the insurance, will initial the slip, stating the percentage and the proportion of the risk he is prepared to underwrite. Once the broker has obtained the desired level of subscriptions, the slip is closed. A formal policy is frequently issued later. In general, the formation of a contract of marine insurance is governed by the ordinary principles of contract law. The purpose of this thesis is to analyse the application of contract law principles to the legal issues that arise at the formation stage in marine insurance contracts and to investigate whether these principles are suitable to dealing with the practical difficulties that arise in the London insurance market. The main body of the thesis is divided into three parts. The first part is about the legal issues arising before the marine insurance contract is concluded. The second part concentrates on the insurance broker who is playing a significant role during the process of contract formation. Legal issues on the duties, rights and liabilities of the insurance broker will be discussed. The third part focuses on legal issues arising after the marine insurance contract is concluded. Although the issues to be discussed arise in the post-contractual stage, they can often be traced to the processes involved at the formation stage

Solid-State NMR of CO2 Mineralization and NMR Crystallography

The work described in this dissertation has been accomplished by using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR) spectroscopy to investigate CO2 mineralization and to refine the positions of protons in the crystalline system. The reaction of forsterite (Mg2SiO4) and 13CO2 is presented here, which is measured using in-situ 13C NMR spectroscopy without removing the sample from the reactor. 29Si SSNMR is used to investigate the reaction of forsterite with 13CO2 in the presence of water or NaCl brine as a function of depth in the sample. Additionally, we also show that NMR crystallography can significantly improve structure refinement of hydrogens’ positions in hydrated materials. 13C{1H} rotational-echo double-resonance (REDOR) and 13C chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) tensor values from SSNMR are exploited as the standard in NMR crystallography. The optimized atomic coordinates are validated by comparing DFT prediction to experimental data through 13C{1H} REDOR and 13C CSA tensors. The research presented herein demonstrates that solid-state NMR is a useful tool for studying the CO2 mineralization mechanism and the understanding of the crystalline structure of CO2 mineralization products