16 research outputs found
ORA3D: Overlap Region Aware Multi-view 3D Object Detection
Current multi-view 3D object detection methods often fail to detect objects
in the overlap region properly, and the networks' understanding of the scene is
often limited to that of a monocular detection network. Moreover, objects in
the overlap region are often largely occluded or suffer from deformation due to
camera distortion, causing a domain shift. To mitigate this issue, we propose
using the following two main modules: (1) Stereo Disparity Estimation for Weak
Depth Supervision and (2) Adversarial Overlap Region Discriminator. The former
utilizes the traditional stereo disparity estimation method to obtain reliable
disparity information from the overlap region. Given the disparity estimates as
supervision, we propose regularizing the network to fully utilize the geometric
potential of binocular images and improve the overall detection accuracy
accordingly. Further, the latter module minimizes the representational gap
between non-overlap and overlapping regions. We demonstrate the effectiveness
of the proposed method with the nuScenes large-scale multi-view 3D object
detection data. Our experiments show that our proposed method outperforms
current state-of-the-art models, i.e., DETR3D and BEVDet.Comment: BMVC202
Biological Toxicity and Inflammatory Response of Semi-Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
The toxicological studies on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been urgently needed from the emerging diverse applications of CNTs. Physicochemical properties such as shape, diameter, conductance, surface charge and surface chemistry of CNTs gained during manufacturing processes play a key role in the toxicity. In this study, we separated the semi-conductive components of SWCNTs (semi-SWCNTs) and evaluated the toxicity on days 1, 7, 14 and 28 after intratracheal instillation in order to determine the role of conductance. Exposure to semi-SWCNTs significantly increased the growth of mice and significantly decreased the relative ratio of brain weight to body weight. Recruitment of monocytes into the bloodstream increased in a time-dependent manner, and significant hematological changes were observed 28 days after exposure. In the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, secretion of Th2-type cytokines, particularly IL-10, was more predominant than Th1-type cytokines, and expression of regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), p53, transforming growth factor (TGF)-Ξ², and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) increased in a time-dependent manner. Fibrotic histopathological changes peaked on day 7 and decreased 14 days after exposure. Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), mesothelin, and phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (pSTAT3) also peaked on day 7, while that of TGF-Ξ² peaked on days 7 and 14. Secretion of histamine in BAL fluid decreased in a time-dependent manner. Consequently, we suggest that the brain is the target organ of semi-SWCNTs brought into the lung, and conductance as well as length may be critical factors affecting the intensity and duration of the inflammatory response following SWCNT exposure
Biological Responses to Diesel Exhaust Particles (DEPs) Depend on the Physicochemical Properties of the DEPs
Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) are the main components of ambient particulate materials, including polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), n-PAHs, heavy metals, and gaseous materials. Many epidemiological, clinical, and toxicological studies have shown that ambient particles, including DEPs, are associated with respiratory disorders, such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, and lung cancer. However, the relationship between the biological response to DEPs and their chemical composition remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the physicochemical properties of DEPs before toxicological studies, and then administered a single intratracheal instillation of DEPs to mice. The mice were then killed 1, 7, 14 and 28 days after DEP exposure to observe the biological responses induced by DEPs over time. Our findings suggest that DEPs engulfed into cells induced a Th2-type inflammatory response followed by DNA damage, whereas DEPs not engulfed into cells induced a Th1-type inflammatory response. Further, the physicochemical properties, including surface charge, particle size, and chemical composition, of DEPs play a crucial role in determining the biological responses to DEPs. Consequently, we suggest that the biological response to DEPs depend on cell-particle interaction and the physicochemical properties of the particles
Changes in the cytokine levels in the blood after a single instillation of DEPs (nβ=β4).
<p><i>Note.</i> Serum was harvested on each time point and pooled (500 Β΅L per mouse) to 4 test samples per group for further analysis. The level in each group was calculated as the mean Β± SD of the values measured.</p><p>*P<0.05;</p><p>**P<0.01.</p
Changes in the cytokine levels in BAL fluid after a single instillation of DEPs (nβ=β4).
<p>Note: BAL fluid was harvested at each time point and pooled (500 Β΅L per mouse) to 4 test samples per group for further analysis. The level in each group was calculated as mean Β± SD of the values measured.</p><p>*P<0.05;</p><p>**P<0.01.</p
Images of cells in BAL fluid after a single instillation of DEPs.
<p>Mice were administered a single intratracheal instillation of DEPs at a dose of 10 mg/kg, and BAL fluid samples were harvested on the designated days: (A) control, (B) 7 days, (C) 14 days, and (D) 28 days after exposure. The results were confirmed from all the mice used, and representative images are shown.</p
Changes in body weight after a single instillation of DEPs.
<p>Body weight of mice (nβ=β16) in the control and day 28 groups before exposure and on days 1, 7, 14, and 28 after exposure. *P<0.05.</p
Changes in the protein expression in lung tissue after a single instillation of DEPs.
<p>Results were confirmed by several separate experiments, and representative images are shown.</p